Table 2 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants by Gender in Lilongwe, Malawi, June–August 2017
Total (N = 200) | Women (N = 102) | Men (N = 98) | P-value* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Region, n (%) | 1.00 | |||
Central Malawi | 176 (88.0) | 90 (88.2) | 86 (87.8) | |
Other | 24 (22.0) | 12 (11.8) | 12 (12.2) | |
Tribal Group, n (%) | 0.41 | |||
Chewa | 137 (68.5) | 74 (72.5) | 63 (64.3) | |
Ngoni | 38 (19.0) | 16 (15.7) | 22 (22.4) | |
Other | 25 (12.5) | 12 (11.8) | 13 (13.3) | |
Religion, n (%) | 0.72 | |||
Protestant | 117 (58.5) | 60 (58.8) | 57 (58.2) | |
Roman Catholicism | 46 (23.0) | 26 (25.5) | 20 (20.4) | |
Traditional Tribal | 25 (12.5) | 12 (11.8) | 13 (13.3) | |
Islam | 9 (4.5) | 3 (2.9) | 6 (6.1) | |
Other | 3 (1.5) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (2.0) | |
Marital Status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Married | 165 (82.5) | 78 (76.5) | 87 (88.9) | |
Separated | 13 (6.5) | 10 (9.8) | 3 (3.0) | |
Widowed | 10 (5.0) | 10 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | |
Single | 12 (6.0) | 4 (3.9) | 8 (8.2) | |
Employment Status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
Self-employed/Business | 178 (89.0) | 94 (92.2) | 84 (85.7) | |
Employed | 12 (6.0) | 1 (1.0) | 11 (11.2) | |
Unemployed | 2 (1.0) | 2 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Never Worked | 6 (3.0) | 5 (4.9) | 1 (1.0) | |
Other | 2 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.0) | |
Education Level, n (%) | 0.001 | |||
None | 22 (11.0) | 17 (16.7) | 5 (5.1) | |
Primary School | 123 (61.5) | 67 (65.7) | 56 (57.1) | |
Secondary School | 52 (26.0) | 17 (16.7) | 35 (35.7) | |
Higher Education | 3 (1.5) | 1 (1.0) | 2 (2.0) | |
Spouse Employment, n (%) | 0.002 | |||
Self-employed/Business | 148 (89.2) | 67 (84.8) | 81 (93.1) | |
Employed | 9 (5.4) | 9 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) | |
Unemployed | 4 (2.4) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (3.4) | |
Never Worked | 4 (2.4) | 1 (1.3) | 3 (3.4) | |
Other | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Spouse Education Level, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
None | 16 (9.6) | 2 (2.5) | 14 (16.1) | |
Primary School | 115 (69.3) | 52 (65.8) | 63 (72.4) | |
Secondary School | 34 (20.5) | 24 (30.4) | 10 (11.5) | |
Higher Education | 1 (0.6) | 1 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Age, year, Mean (SD) | 41.7 (12.1) | 41.4 (12.2) | 42.0 (12.1) | 0.74 |
Spouse Age, year, Mean (SD) | 41.3 (12.4) | 45.9 (12.4) | 37.0 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
Transport Time, hour, Median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 3.0 (2.0, 6.0) | 0.82 |
Income (MWK)a, Median (IQR) | 120,000 (60,000, 300,000) | 114,000 (60,000, 189,000) | 180,000 (84,250, 480,000) | 0.24 |
Spouse’s Income (MWK)a, Median (IQR) | 125,000 (60,000, 300,000) | 140,000 (80,000, 360,000) | 122,500 (58,750, 300,000) | 0.75 |
Number of Children, Mean (SD) | 4.1 (2.1) | 4.3 (2.0) | 3.9 (2.2) | 0.15 |
Number in Household, Mean (SD) | 5.7 (2.0) | 5.7 (1.7) | 5.6 (2.2) | 0.69 |
GEM Raw Score, Mean (SD) | 17.2 (2.9) | 16.8 (2.8) | 17.7 (2.9) | 0.03 |
GEM Score Level, n (%) | 0.004 | |||
High | 71 (35.5) | 26 (25.5) | 45 (45.9) | |
Low | 129 (64.5) | 76 (74.5) | 53 (54.1) |