Table 2 Mixed effects results on factors associated with full immunization in 12–23 months children in Benin

 0

0.09^*** (0.07–0.13)

0.11^*** (0.08–0.15)

 1–3

1

1

 4+

1.42^** (1.09–1.85)

1.20 (0.91–1.59)

 By TBA/Others

0.46^*** (0.34–0.63)

0.55^*** (0.40–0.77)

 By SBA/Health professional

1

1

 No

0.47^*** (0.35–0.62)

0.49^*** (0.36–0.67)

  < 24 h

1

1

  > =1 day

1.04 (0.57–1.90)

1.07 (0.58–1.97)

 Virginal birth

1

1

 Cesarean section

1.07 (0.55–2.10)

0.56 (0.29–1.08)

 Married

1

1

 Cohabiting

1.13 (0.84–1.53)

1.37 (0.99–1.90)

 Not Working

0.71^* (0.54–0.92)

0.78 (0.58–1.05)

 Working

1

1

 Christianity

1

1

 Islam

0.91 (0.61–1.35)

0.95 (0.61–1.47)

 Other

057^*** (0.41–0.79)

0.71^* (0.51–1.00)

 No education

1

1

 Primary

1.06 (0.77–1.48)

0.99 (0.70–1.40)

 Secondary/tertiary

1.70^* (1.05–2.76)

1.16 (0.70–1.92)

1

1

 Primary

1.36 (0.99–1.86)

1.06 (0.75–1.49)

 Secondary/tertiary

2.16^*** (1.47–3.18)

1.55^* (1.03–2.35)

 Adja

0.69 (0.44–1.09)

1.21 (0.57–2.57)

 Bariba

0.89 (0.52–1.53)

1.58 (0.70–3.57)

 Dendi

0.48^* (0.25–0.93)

0.72 (0.29–1.82)

 Fon

1

1

 Yoa and Lokpa

1.08 (0.44–2.61)

1.56 (0.48–5.02)

 Betamaribe

0.73 (0.42–1.29)

2.05 (0.84–4.98)

 Peulh

0.13^*** (0.08–0.23)

0.70 (0.31–1.59)

 Yoruba

0.62 (0.38–1.00)

1.17 (0.64–2.14)

 One birth

1.99^*** (1.44–2.75)

1.62^** (1.14–2.30)

 Two births

0.94 (0.71–1.25)

0.89 (0.65–1.21)

 Three births

1.17 (0.87–1.58)

1.20 (0.86–1.67)

 Four or more births

1

1

 Not at all

1

1

 Less than once a week

1.14 (0.42–3.09)

1.14 (041–3.18)

 At least once a week

0.62 (0.22–1.77)

0.64 (0.22–1.86)

 Not at all

1

1

 Less than once a week

1.20 (0.90–1.61)

1.06 (0.77–1.46)

 At least once a week

1.27 (0.96–1.69)

1.04 (0.77–1.42)

 Not at all

1

1

 Less than once a week

1.17 (0.84–1.63)

1.04 (0.73–1.50)

 At least once a week

2.11^** (1.34–3.30)

1.37 (0.82–2.29)

 Poorest

1

1

1.78^*** (1.36–2.33)

1.14 (0.83–1.55)

 Middle

3.29^*** (2.40–4.52)

1.81^** (1.26–2.59)

 Richer

3.97^*** (2.72–5.79)

1.77^* (1.15–2.72)

 Richest

8.46^*** (4.74–15.10)

2.44^* (1.25–4.77)

 Urban

1.61^** (1.13–2.28)

1.43^* (1.02–2.00)

 Rural

1

1

 Alibori

1

1

 Atacora

1.39 (0.76–2.56)

0.94 (0.45–1.95)

 Atlantic

2.14^* (1.08–4.27)

0.67 (0.26–1.75)

 Borgou

0.65 (0.37–1.14)

1.22 (0.67–2.20)

 Collines

2.18^* (1.11–4.30)

0.70 (0.29–1.68)

 Couffo

1.05 (0.56–1.96)

0.47 (0.16–1.39)

 Donga

1.79 (0.85–3.78)

1.52 (0.66–3.51)

 Littoral

1.96 (0.69–5.56)

0.74 (0.23–2.44)

 Mono

4.78^*** (2.00–11.39)

1.52 (0.45–5.13)

 Oueme

3.76^** (1.67–8.46)

1.29 (0.46–3.66)

 Plateau

0.92 (0.48–1.78)

0.41 (0.16–1.04)

 Zou

2.59^** (1.33–5.04)

0.94 (0.36–2.43)

 PSU variance (95% CI)

2.15 (1.63–2.82)

0.72 (0.47–1.11)

1.12 (0.80–1.56)

0.99 (0.70–1.40)

0.56 (0.34–0.92

 ICC

0.3949477

0.1803875

0.2531715

0.231711

0.145173

 LR Test

Chi-square = 416.61, p = 0.0000

Chi-square = 55.42, p = 0.0000

Chi-square = 145.95, p = 0.0000

Chi-square = 134.07, p = 0.0000

Chi-square = 35.60, p = 0.0000

 Wald chi-square

556.67^***

266.05^***

214.86^***

594.80^***

 Model fitness

 Log-likelihood

− 1565.0389

− 1241.965

− 1417.3607

− 1453.5992

−1173.6338

 AIC

3134.078

2497.93

2888.721

2943.198

2443.268

 N

4156

4156

4156

4156

4156

 Number of clusters

547

547

547

547

547