The influence of late retirement on health outcomes among older adults in the policy context of delayed retirement initiative: an empirical attempt of clarifying identification bias

Table 2 Descriptive statistics

Variables	Freq.	%
Sample 1
Difficulty in physical functioning (2018)
Range [1, 2)	6020	65.97
Range [2, 3)	2438	26.71
Range [3, 4]	668	7.32
Late retirement (2015)
No	4682	51.30
Yes	4444	48.70
Social behavior
No	4900	53.69
Yes	4226	46.31
Health insurance
Insurance beneficiary (Yes)	8620	94.46
Insurance beneficiary (No)	506	5.54
Gender
1. male	3763	41.23
2. female	5363	58.77
Age
55–65	2694	29.52
66–75	4438	48.63
> 75	1994	21.85
Education
Less than lower secondary	8420	92.33
Upper secondary & vocational training	579	6.35
Tertiary	120	1.32
Marriage
Married	7109	77.91
Partnered	343	3.76
Separated	13	0.14
Divorced	37	0.41
Widowed	1568	17.18
Never married	55	0.60
Residence place
Central of City/Town	1523	16.69
Rural integration zone	517	5.67
Rural	7060	77.36
Special zone	26	0.28
Sample 2
Problems of cognitive status (2018)
Range [1, 2)	39	0.49
Range [2, 3)	268	3.34
Range [3, 4)	5485	68.35
Range [4, 5]	2232	17.82
Late retirement (2015)
No	4063	50.64
Yes	3961	49.36
Social behavior
No	4299	53.58
Yes	3725	46.42
Health insurance
Insurance beneficiary (Yes)	7596	94.67
Insurance beneficiary (No)	428	5.33
Gender
1. male	3368	41.97
2. female	4656	58.03
Age
55–65	2255	28.10
66–75	4017	50.07
> 75	1752	21.83
Education
Less than lower secondary	7427	92.64
Upper secondary & vocational training	486	6.06
Tertiary	104	1.30
Marriage
Married	6372	79.05
Partnered	272	3.39
Separated	11	0.14
Divorced	25	0.31
Widowed	1334	16.63
Never married	39	0.49
Residence place
Central of City/Town	1316	16.40
Rural Integration Zone	445	5.55
Rural	6240	77.77
Special Zone	23	0.29

Notes: The descriptive statistics are based on the observations for which all above variables (including dependent/independent/covariates) have non-missing values

ISSN: 2049-3258