Skip to main content

Table 4 Association between LnBCL and lumbar bone mineral density (mg/cm2)

From: Blood lead and cadmium levels are negatively associated with bone mineral density in young female adults

 

Unadjusted model

β (95% CI)

Minimally adjusted model

β (95% CI)

Fully adjusted model

β (95% CI)

Per 1 μmol/L increase

−2.3 (−7.8, 3.3)

−6.1 (− 11.6, − 0.6)*

−7.4 (− 14.0, − 0.8)*

Stratified by sex

 Men

2.2 (− 5.6, 10.0)

− 2.3 (− 9.9, 5.3)

1.7 (− 7.6, 11.0)

  LnBCL (Quartile)

   Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

   Q2

− 6.3 (− 25.4, 12.7)

−11.4 (− 29.9, 7.1)

− 7.6 (− 26.3, 11.1)

   Q3

−22.0 (− 40.3, − 3.6)

−27.0 (− 45.0, − 9.0)

−22.6 (− 41.8, − 3.4)

   Q4

7.3 (− 12.1, 26.7)

−4.3 (− 23.2, 14.7)

3.3 (− 19.7, 26.3)

  P for trend

0.927

0.234

0.550

 Women

−10.4 (− 18.3, − 2.6)**

−12.2 (− 20.0, − 4.3)**

−18.7 (− 28.0, − 9.5)***

  LnBCL (Quartile)

   Q1

Reference

Reference

Reference

   Q2

−4.1 (− 22.1, 13.9)

−3.1 (− 21.0, 14.7)

− 5.8 (− 23.6, 12.1)

   Q3

4.6 (− 12.8, 22.0)

6.9 (− 10.5, 24.3)

0.9 (− 16.8, 18.6)

   Q4

− 20.6 (− 38.9, − 2.3)

− 23.6 (− 41.9, − 5.3)

− 36.5 (− 57.3, − 15.7)

  P for trend

0.101

0.062

0.009

  1. Unadjusted model: no covariates were adjusted
  2. Minimally adjusted model: age, sex, and race were adjusted
  3. Fully adjusted model: age, sex, race, education level, income to poverty ratio, smoking behavior, body mass index, moderate recreational activities, serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, serum uric acid, serum phosphorus, and serum calcium were adjusted
  4. Abbreviation: BCL Blood cadmium levels
  5. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001