Table 2 Characteristics of the study population in Jiangsu Province from 2008 to 2018
Variable | Total N = 24,939 | Urban n = 10,684 (42.84%) | Rural n = 14,255 (57.10%) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Smoking | ||||
No | 18,967 (76.05%) | 8175 (76.52%) | 10,792 (75.71%) | |
Yes | 5972 (23.95%) | 2509 (23.48%) | 3463 (24.29%) | |
Smoking quantity | *** | |||
Low (light smoking) | 1435 (5.75%) | 644 (6.03%) | 791 (5.55%) | |
Moderate | 1155 (4.63%) | 517 (4.84%) | 638 (4.48%) | |
High (heavy smoking) | 3382 (13.56%) | 1348 (12.62%) | 2034 (14.27%) | |
Drinking | ||||
No | 19,131 (76.71%) | 8152 (76.30%) | 10,979 (77.02%) | |
Yes | 5808 (23.29%) | 2532 (23.70%) | 3276 (22.98%) | |
Drinking quantity | *** | |||
Non-excessive drinking | 4932 (19.80%) | 2226 (20.83%) | 2712 (19.02%) | |
Excessive drinking | 873 (3.49%) | 306 (2.86%) | 564 (3.96%) | |
Smoking and drinking | ||||
No | 21,595 (86.59%) | 9233 (86.42%) | 12,362 (86.72%) | |
Yes | 3344 (13.41%) | 1451 (13.58%) | 1893 (13.28%) | |
Demographic factor | ||||
Age, years | *** | |||
15–45 | 9954 (39.91%) | 3905 (36.55%) | 6049 (42.43%) | |
46–59 | 7252 (29.08%) | 2900 (27.14%) | 4352 (30.53%) | |
≥ 60 | 7733 (31.01%) | 3879 (36.31%) | 3854 (27.04%) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 12,200 (48.92%) | 5211 (48.77%) | 6989 (49.03%) | |
Female | 12,739 (51.08%) | 5473 (51.23%) | 7266 (50.97%) | |
Number of siblings | *** | |||
≤ 2 | 6907 (27.70%) | 3470 (32.48%) | 3437 (24.11%) | |
3 or 4 | 10,738 (43.06%) | 4705 (44.04%) | 6033 (42.32%) | |
≥ 5 | 7294 (29.25%) | 2509 (23.48%) | 4785 (33.57%) | |
Marital status | * | |||
Unmarried | 2520 (10.10%) | 1089 (10.19%) | 1431 (10.04%) | |
Married | 20,516 (82.26%) | 8727 (81.68%) | 11,789 (82.70%) | |
Divorced/widowed/other | 1903 (7.63%) | 868 (8.12%) | 1035 (7.26%) | |
Social health insurance | ||||
No | 862 (3.46%) | 394 (3.69%) | 468 (3.28%) | |
Yes | 24,077 (96.54%) | 10,290 (96.31%) | 13,787 (96.72%) | |
Socioeconomic status | ||||
Income level | *** | |||
Very low | 5522 (22.14%) | 657 (6.15%) | 4865 (34.13%) | |
Low | 4518 (18.12%) | 1291 (12.08%) | 3227 (22.64%) | |
Middle | 4921 (19.73%) | 2233 (20.90%) | 2688 (18.86%) | |
High | 5535 (22.19%) | 3291 (30.80%) | 2244 (15.74%) | |
Very high | 4443 (17.82%) | 3212 (30.06%) | 1231 (8.64%) | |
Education | *** | |||
Primary school | 8327 (33.39%) | 2256 (21.12%) | 6071 (42.59%) | |
Junior school | 8564 (34.34%) | 3393 (31.76%) | 5171 (36.27%) | |
High school | 4711 (18.89%) | 2557 (23.93%) | 2154 (15.11%) | |
University or higher | 3337 (13.38%) | 2478 (23.19%) | 859 (6.03%) | |
Employment status | *** | |||
Employed | 16,521 (66.25%) | 5369 (50.25%) | 11,152 (78.23%) | |
Retired | 3926 (15.74%) | 3474 (32.52%) | 452 (3.17%) | |
Unemployed | 4492 (18.01%) | 1841 (17.23%) | 2651 (18.60%) | |
Type of occupation | *** | |||
Unskilled labor | 5236 (21.00%) | 3979 (37.24%) | 1257 (8.82%) | |
Skilled labor | 14,078 (56.45%) | 4154 (38.88%) | 9924 (69.62%) | |
Other or unemployed | 5625 (22.56%) | 2551 (23.88%) | 3074 (21.56%) | |
Poor or low-security household† | *** | |||
No | 24,036 (96.38%) | 10,407 (97.41%) | 13,629 (95.61%) | |
Yes | 903 (3.62%) | 277 (2.59%) | 626 (4.39%) | |
Health related factor | ||||
Chronic disease | *** | |||
No | 17,048 (68.36%) | 6706 (62.77%) | 10,342 (72.55%) | |
Yes | 7891 (31.64%) | 3978 (37.23%) | 3913 (27.45%) | |
Multiple chronic diseases | *** | |||
No | 23,067 (92.49%) | 9664 (90.45%) | 13,403 (94.02%) | |
Yes | 1872 (7.51%) | 1020 (9.55%) | 852 (5.98%) | |
EQ-5D | ||||
Complete health | 20,721 (83.09%) | 8829 (82.64%) | 11,892 (83.42%) | |
Incomplete health | 4218 (16.91%) | 1855 (17.36%) | 2363 (16.58%) | |
Health status | *** | |||
Poor (0–40) | 345 (1.39%) | 136 (1.27%) | 209 (1.46%) | |
Moderate (41–60) | 2388 (9.58%) | 1052 (9.85%) | 1336 (9.37%) | |
Good (41–80) | 9910 (39.74%) | 4542 (42.51%) | 5368 (37.66%) | |
Excellent (81–100) | 12,296 (49.30%) | 4954 (46.37%) | 7342 (51.50%) | |
Physical examination | *** | |||
No | 13,297 (53.32%) | 4557 (42.65%) | 8740 (61.31%) | |
Yes | 11,642 (46.68%) | 6127 (57.35%) | 5515 (38.69%) | |
Physical exercise (no. times per week) | *** | |||
0 | 15,898 (63.75%) | 4792 (44.85%) | 11,106 (77.91%) | |
1 or 2 | 1858 (7.45%) | 1104 (10.33%) | 754 (5.29%) | |
3–5 | 2304 (9.24%) | 1346 (12.60%) | 958 (6.72%) | |
≥ 6 | 4879 (19.56%) | 3442 (32.22%) | 1437 (10.08%) | |
Wave | *** | |||
2008 | 5987 (24.01%) | 1385 (12.96%) | 4602 (32.28%) | |
2013 | 9194 (36.87%) | 4208 (39.39%) | 4986 (34.98%) | |
2018 | 9758 (39.13%) | 5091 (47.65%) | 4667 (32.74%) | |