Table 3 Results of regression analysis of smoking rate and quantity in Jiangsu province from 2008 to 2018
Variable | Smoking | Light smoking | Moderate smoking | Heavy smoking | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI | |
Demographic factor | ||||||||
Age, years (ref: 15–45) | ||||||||
46–59 | 1.43*** | (1.29,1.58) | 0.34*** | (0.28,0.40) | 0.80*** | (0.68,0.95) | 4.92*** | (4.27,5.68) |
≥ 60 | 1.43*** | (1.25,1.64) | 0.25*** | (0.19,0.33) | 0.58*** | (0.45,0.75) | 5.40*** | (4.52,6.45) |
Sex (ref: male) | ||||||||
Female | 0.02*** | (0.01,0.02) | 0.18*** | (0.01,0.02) | 0.01*** | (0.01,0.02) | 0.01*** | (0.01,0.02) |
Number of siblings (ref: 1 or 2) | ||||||||
3 or 4 | 0.99 | (0.90,1.09) | 0.84* | (0.70,1.01) | 1.04 | (0.88,1.24) | 1.05 | (0.93,1.17) |
≥ 5 | 1.02 | (0.91,1.11) | 1.07 | (0.90,1.30) | 0.86 | (0.71,1.04) | 0.92 | (0.81,1.03) |
Marital status (ref: unmarried) | ||||||||
Married | 2.56*** | (2.21,2.97) | 1.24** | (1.03,1.50) | 10.07*** | (6.01,15.58) | 4.53*** | (3.41,6.03) |
Divorced/widowed/other | 3.27*** | (2.64,4.04) | 1.77*** | (1.24,2.53) | 12.41*** | (7.40,20.84) | 5.13*** | (3.69,7.13) |
Place of residence (ref: urban) | ||||||||
Rural | 0.70*** | (0.64,0.77) | 0.78*** | (0.67,0.90) | 0.64*** | (0.54,0.75) | 0.70*** | (0.62,0.79) |
Social health insurance (ref: no) | ||||||||
Yes | 0.70*** | (0.57,0.86) | 0.58*** | (0.43,0.77) | 0.72* | (0.51,1.02) | 0.70** | (0.53,0.92) |
Socioeconomic status | ||||||||
Income (ref: very low) | ||||||||
Low | 1.02 | (0.90,1.15) | 1.03 | (0.84,1.28) | 0.99 | (0.79,1.23) | 1.02 | (0.88,1.18) |
Middle | 1.02 | (0.90,1.16) | 1.04 | (0.83,1.29) | 0.89 | (0.71,1.13) | 1.03 | (0.88,1.20) |
High | 1.06 | (0.93,1.21) | 0.96 | (0.77,1.20) | 1.06 | (0.84,1.33) | 1.1 | (0.94,1.29) |
Very high | 1.18** | (1.02,1.40) | 1 | (0.78,1.27) | 1.26* | (0.98,1.62) | 1.28*** | (1.07,1.53) |
Education (ref: primary school) | ||||||||
Junior school | 0.85*** | (0.77,0.94) | 1.03 | (0.84,1.26) | 1.19* | (0.99,1.44) | 0.83*** | (0.74,0.93) |
High school | 0.68*** | (0.60,0.77) | 1.11 | (0.89,1.39) | 0.80** | (0.63,1.00) | 0.56*** | (0.48,0.65) |
University or higher | 0.30*** | (0.25,0.36) | 0.55*** | (0.42,0.72) | 0.24*** | (0.17,0.33) | 0.18*** | (0.14,0.23) |
Employment status (ref: employed) | ||||||||
Retired | 0.49*** | (0.43,0.57) | 0.52*** | (0.38,0.72) | 0.48*** | (0.36,0.64) | 0.54*** | (0.46,0.64) |
Unemployed | 0.51*** | (0.42,0.63) | 0.33*** | (0.23,0.48) | 0.57*** | (0.39,0.83) | 0.60*** | (0.46,0.77) |
Type of occupation (ref: unskilled labor) | ||||||||
Skilled labor | 0.83*** | (0.75,0.92) | 0.87* | (0.74,1.02) | 0.80** | (0.67,0.96) | 0.87* | (0.76,1.00) |
Unemployed or other | 1.03 | (0.85,1.24) | 0.82 | (0.61,1.10) | 1.04 | (0.76,1.46) | 1.16 | (0.93,1.46) |
Poor or low-security household (ref: no) | ||||||||
Yes | 1.05 | (0.86,1.29) | 0.89 | (0.61,1.30) | 0.83 | (0.55,1.25) | 1.21+ | (0.96,1.53) |
Health-related factor | ||||||||
Chronic disease (ref: no) | ||||||||
Yes | 0.94 | (0.86,1.03) | 0.93 | (0.77,1.11) | 1.02 | (0.86,1.21) | 0.95 | (0.85,1.06) |
Multiple chronic diseases (ref: no) | ||||||||
Yes | 0.78*** | (0.67,0.92) | 0.99 | (0.71,1.38) | 0.83 | (0.61,1.11) | 0.75*** | (0.63,0.90) |
EQ-5D (ref: complete health) | ||||||||
Incomplete health | 0.81*** | (0.72,0.91) | 0.98 | (0.78,1.23) | 0.94 | (0.76,1.16) | 0.75*** | (0.65,0.85) |
Health status (ref: excellent) | ||||||||
Poor (0–40) | 0.57*** | (0.39,0.82) | 0.81 | (0.39,1.70) | 0.56 | (0.27,1.16) | 0.49*** | (0.32,0.77) |
Moderate (41–60) | 0.95 | (0.81,1.09) | 1 | (0.74,1.35) | 0.96 | (0.73,1.27) | 0.93 | (0.78,1.11) |
Good (41–80) | 1.08 | (0.99,1.17) | 1.01 | (0.88,1.16) | 0.9 | (0.78,1.05) | 1.15*** | (1.03,1.27) |
Physical examination (ref: no) | ||||||||
Yes | 0.91** | (0.84,0.98) | 1 | (0.88,1.13) | 0.92 | (0.80,1.06) | 0.90** | (0.81,0.99) |
Physical exercise, no. of times per week (ref: ≥6) | ||||||||
0 | 1.35*** | (1.21,1.50) | 1.12 | (0.94,1.34) | 1.24** | (1.02,1.50) | 1.47*** | (1.29,1.68) |
1 or 2 | 1.24** | (1.05,1.46) | 1.05 | (0.82,1.35) | 1.31* | (0.99,1.73) | 1.25** | (1.00,1.56) |
3–5 | 0.94 | (0.81,1.10) | 0.87 | (0.68,1.11) | 0.97 | (0.74,1.27) | 0.94 | (0.77,1.14) |
Wave (ref: 2008) | ||||||||
2013 | 1.09 | (0.98,1.21) | 3.29*** | (2.67,4.04) | 1.40*** | (1.14,1.71) | 0.62*** | (0.55,0.71) |
2018 | 0.98 | (0.88,1.10) | 3.10*** | (2.52,3.83) | 1.33*** | (1.08,1.63) | 0.52*** | (0.46,0.60) |