Fig. 4From: Association between health literacy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysisTrim and fill method for evaluating publication bias (The circles alone are real studies and the circles enclosed in boxes are ‘filled’ studies. The horizontal line represents the summary effect estimates, and the diagonal lines represent pseudo-95%CI limits): A systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between HL and mortality from 2006 to 2020Back to article page