Table 2 Risk of bias assessment of observational studies based on ROBINS-I
Author and year | Bias due to confounding | Bias in selection of participants into the study | Bias in classification of interventions | Bias due to deviations from intended interventions | Bias due to missing data | Bias in measurement of outcomes | Bias in selection of the reported result | Overall risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moritz 2020 [16] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Chad 2020 [17] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Hien 2020 [18] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Steffen 2020 [19] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Hamada 2020 [20] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Abel 2020 [21] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Charles 2020 [22] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Shanlang 2020 [23] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Yohannes 2020 [24] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
James 2020 [25] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Ekienabor 2020 [26] | Moderate | Low | Low | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |