Socio-economic inequalities in the chronic diseases management among Chinese adults aged 45 years and above: a cross sectional study

Table 1 Characteristics of Chinese adults aged 45 years and above by urban-rural setting (N = 19,291)

Variable	Rural		Urban		Total
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Year
2011	8969	80.4	5936	72.9	14,905	77.3
2013	1080	9.7	956	11.7	2036	10.5
2015	1100	9.9	1250	15.4	2350	12.2
Age
45–60	6640	59.6	4874	59.9	11,514	59.7
61–75	3687	33.1	2637	32.4	6324	32.8
> 75	822	7.4	631	7.7	1453	7.5
Gender
Male	5484	49.2	3860	47.4	9344	48.4
Female	5665	50.8	4282	52.6	9947	51.6
Marital status
Living alone	1957	17.6	1254	15.4	3211	16.6
Living with spouse	9192	82.4	6888	84.6	16,080	83.4
Education
Illiterate	5282	47.4	2154	26.5	7436	38.6
Primary	2950	26.5	1856	22.8	4806	24.9
Secondary and above	2917	26.2	4132	50.7	7049	36.5
Economic status ^a
< $2	5085	45.6	1931	23.7	7016	36.4
$2–$4	3436	30.8	2258	27.7	5694	29.5
≥ $4	2628	23.6	3953	48.6	6581	34.1
Social health insurance ^b
NCMS&URBMI	10,195	91.4	4804	59.0	14,999	77.8
UEBMI&GIS	300	2.7	2485	30.5	2785	14.4
No coverage	654	5.9	853	10.5	1507	7.8
Smoke
Never	6600	59.2	5099	62.6	11,699	60.6
Quit	935	8.4	774	9.5	1709	8.9
Still smoke	3614	32.4	2269	27.9	5883	30.5
Drink
Never	7314	65.6	5358	65.8	12,672	65.7
≤ 1 time per month	842	7.6	718	8.8	1560	8.1
> 1 time per month	2993	26.8	2066	25.4	5059	26.2

^a Daily household per capita living expenditures were used to measure economic status, adjusted for inflations relative to the year 2015. We used the exchange rate 1USD = 6.23RMB in the year 2015
^b NCMS, New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme; URBMI, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance. UEBMI, Urban Employee Basic Medical insurance; GIS, government insurance scheme. These insurance schemes are grouped together because they provide similar benefit packages

ISSN: 2049-3258