Table 4 Analysis of the risk factors associated with HBV infection in East Africa
| Â | Â | Â | Analysis of HBV prevalence | Analysis of heterogeneity of studies | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Risk factor | Category | Number | Proportion%, (95%CI) | P value | I2, 95%CI | P het | Model |
Age | < 20 years | 9 | 4.796 (1.88 to 8.97) |  | 80.6 (64.07 to 89.54) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | > 20 years | 9 | 5.74 (3.52 to 8.46) | 0.28 | 89.27 (81.9 to 93.65) | < 0.0001 | Random |
Gravidity | Primigravida | 5 | 2.84 (1.37 to 4.82) | Â | 81.6 (57.40 to 92.06) | 0.0002 | Random |
| Â | Multigravida | 5 | 3.84 (3.40 to 4.33) | 0.0006* | 32.98 (0.00 to 74.58 | 0.2015 | Fixed |
Marital status | Married | 17 | 5.508 (3.35 to 8.17) |  | 98.91 (98.69 to 99.1) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | Not Married | 17 | 8.644 (5.21 to 12.85) | < 0.0001* | 96.98 (96.13 to 97.6) | < 0.0001 | Random |
History of STIs | Yes | 5 | 7.33 (4.77 to 10.67) | Â | 25.7 (0.00 to 70.27) | 0.2015 | Fixed |
| Â | No | 5 | 4.41 (2.79 to 6.39) | 0.5858 | 68.61 (19.22 to 87.8) | 0.0126 | Random |
Education Level | Primary & below | 11 | 6.096 (4.42 to 8.02) |  | 83.49 (71.9 to 90.29) | < 0.0001 | Random |
| Â | Secondary & above | 11 | 5.917 (4.374 to 7.676) | 0.6434 | 73.11 (50.84 to 85.3) | 0.0001 | Random |
History of blood transfusion | Yes | 10 | 11.057 (5.84 to 17.68) |  | 79.6 (63.2 to 88.72) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | No | 10 | 4.915 (3.492 to 6.567) | < 0.0001* | 89.5 (82.74 to 93.56) | < 0.0001 | Random |
History of scarification | Yes | 4 | 8.102 (4.47 to 12.696) |  | 89.7 (78.79 to 95.0) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | No | 4 | 5.049 (3.318 to 7.120) | < 0.0001* | 84.4 (65.09 to 93.04) | < 0.0001 | Fixed |
Alcohol use | Yes | 4 | 7.37 (3.46to 12.6) | Â | 64.88 (0.00 to 88.09) | 0.036 | Random |
| Â | No | 4 | 3.48 (2.55 to 4.63) | 0.4703 | 30.01 (0.00 to 74.53) | 0.2322 | Fixed |
HIV sero-status | Positive | 6 | 12.131 (7.92 to 17.52) | Â | 12.15 (0.00 to 78.35) | 0.3374 | Fixed |
|  | Negative | 6 | 5.863 (3.082 to 9.461) | 0.0030* | 89.81 (80.5 to 94.67) | < 0.0001 | Random |
History of body piecing | Yes | 3 | 3.813 (2.41 to 5.70) | Â | 59.57 (0.00 to 88.48) | 0.0843 | Fixed |
| Â | No | 3 | 4.24 (2.903 to 5.95) | 0.9394 | 0.00 (0.00 to 92.27) | 0.6478 | Fixed |
History of surgery | Yes | 7 | 13.2 (0.003 to 45.2) |  | 99.50 (99.37 to 99.60) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | No | 7 | 4.85 (1.43 to 10.14) | < 0.0001* | 97.32 (96.0 to 38.20 | < 0.0001 | Random |
No of sexual partners | One | 6 | 5.116 (3.124 to 7.566) |  | 89.04 (78.8 to 94.34) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | More than one | 6 | 9.53 (5.509 to 14.512) | < 0.0001* | 87.36 (74.9 to 93.65) | < 0.0001 | Random |
Employment | Formal | 9 | 7.70 (2.38 to 15.69) |  | 95.65 (93.51 to 97.1) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | Non formal | 9 | 10.48 (2.72 to 22.5) | 0.333 | 98.6 (98.12 to 98.93) | < 0.0001 | Random |
Gender | Male | 13 | 8.561 (6.66 to 10.675) |  | 93.53 (90.6 to 95.54) | < 0.0001 | Random |
|  | Female | 13 | 6.986 (4.841 to 9.491) | 0.0007* | 96.63 (95.44 to 97.5) | < 0.0001 | Random |