|
Maternal health, Risk factors, and medications during pregnancy
|
Age 2–3
|
Age 4–5
|
Age 6–7
|
Age 8–9
|
Age 10–11
|
Age 12–13
|
Age 14–15
|
|---|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
N = 4485
|
N = 4264
|
N = 4088
|
N = 3922
|
N = 3574
|
N = 3097
|
N = 2960
|
|---|
|
Had Asthma
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
2.22 (1.65–3.00)**
|
2.34 (1.77–3.10)**
|
2.58 (1.94–3.44)**
|
2.42 (1.83–3.2)**
|
2.64 (1.96–3.56)**
|
2.9 (2.09–4.02)**
|
2.5 (1.78–3.52)**
|
|
Gestational age at birth
|
|
On time (37–41 weeks, ref.)
|
|
Early (36 weeks or less)
|
1.39 (0.88–2.18)
|
1.3 (0.88–1.91)
|
1.05 (0.71–1.55)
|
1.29 (0.88–1.89)
|
1.08 (0.71–1.64)
|
0.82 (0.50–1.35)
|
0.87 (0.54–1.41)
|
|
Late (42 weeks or more)
|
0.79 (0.49–1.28)
|
1 (0.66–1.52)
|
0.88 (0.59–1.32)
|
0.83 (0.56–1.24)
|
0.84 (0.55–1.28)
|
1.05 (0.66–1.67)
|
0.97 (0.62–1.52)
|
|
Pre-pregnancy obesity
|
|
Healthy weight (ref.)
|
|
Underweight
|
0.98 (0.68–1.4)
|
0.85 (0.61–1.17)
|
0.85 (0.63–1.16)
|
0.86 (0.64–1.16)
|
0.82 (0.60–1.12)
|
0.87 (0.62–1.21)
|
0.91 (0.65–1.28)
|
|
Overweight
|
1.37 (1.06–1.78)Ϯ
|
1.29 (1.03–1.62)Ϯ
|
1.27 (1.03–1.58)Ϯ
|
1.29 (1.04–1.59)Ϯ
|
1.27 (1.02–1.59)Ϯ
|
1.22 (0.96–1.56)
|
1.24 (0.97–1.58)
|
|
Obesity
|
1.54 (1.16–2.05)*
|
1.48 (1.15–1.89)*
|
1.39 (1.09–1.78)*
|
1.42 (1.12–1.80)*
|
1.41 (1.09–1.81)*
|
1.21 (0.92–1.59)
|
1.27 (0.97–1.67)
|
|
Not known
|
1.42 (1.08–1.88)Ϯ
|
1.33 (1.04–1.7)Ϯ
|
1.34 (1.05–1.71)Ϯ
|
1.36 (1.07–1.72)Ϯ
|
1.62 (1.26–2.09)**
|
1.65 (1.25–2.19)**
|
1.69 (1.26–2.25)**
|
|
Smoking during 1st trimester
|
|
None (ref.)
|
|
< =10 cigarettes daily
|
1.10 (0.78–1.54)
|
0.95 (0.69–1.30)
|
1.05 (0.77–1.43)
|
0.98 (0.72–1.35)
|
1.08 (0.77–1.51)
|
1.03 (0.71–1.5)
|
0.88 (0.59–1.32)
|
|
11+ cigarettes daily
|
1.67 (1.1–2.54)Ϯ
|
1.84 (1.24–2.72)*
|
1.66 (1.12–2.47)Ϯ
|
1.54 (1.01–2.34)Ϯ
|
1.6 (1.02–2.52)Ϯ
|
1.58 (0.97–2.57)
|
1.88 (1.14–3.09)Ϯ
|
|
Antibiotic medication
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
1.20 (0.89–1.60)
|
1.09 (0.84–1.41)
|
1.19 (0.91–1.55)
|
1.15 (0.89–1.49)
|
1.18 (0.90–1.54)
|
1.01 (0.75–1.36)
|
1.02 (0.75–1.38)
|
|
Anti-depressant medication
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
0.95 (0.49–1.85)
|
1.30 (0.74–2.29)
|
1.83 (1.07–3.12)Ϯ
|
1.27 (0.71–2.26)
|
1.49 (0.82–2.71)
|
1.3 (0.65–2.60)
|
0.50 (0.21–1.20)
|
- Notes: Ϯ p < 0.05 & > 0.01, * p < 0.01 & > 0.001, ** p < 0.001; the regression models were adjusted for several covariates outlined in ‘Control variables’ sub-section of ‘Methods’ section. Abbreviation: OR Odds Ratio; ref., reference category
