|
Maternal health, Risk factors, and medications during pregnancy
|
Age 2–3
|
Age 4–5
|
Age 6–7
|
Age 8–9
|
Age 10–11
|
Age 12–13
|
Age 14–15
|
|---|
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
OR (95% CI)
|
|---|
|
N = 4485
|
N = 4264
|
N = 4088
|
N = 3922
|
N = 3574
|
N = 3097
|
N = 2960
|
|---|
|
Had asthma
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
2.53 (1.85–3.46)**
|
3.29 (2.47–4.40)**
|
3.32 (2.45–4.50)**
|
2.75 (2.03–3.73)**
|
3.74 (2.72–5.15)**
|
3.18 (2.22–4.56)**
|
2.63 (1.79–3.87)**
|
|
Gestational age at birth
|
|
On time (37–41 weeks, ref.)
|
|
Early (36 weeks or less)
|
1.26 (0.74–2.14)
|
1.23 (0.77–1.95)
|
1.00 (0.63–1.58)
|
0.81 (0.48–1.37)
|
0.63 (0.34–1.17)
|
0.65 (0.32–1.34)
|
0.72 (0.34–1.53)
|
|
Late (42 weeks or more)
|
0.83 (0.49–1.42)
|
1.03 (0.63–1.69)
|
1.21 (0.75–1.96)
|
0.99 (0.60–1.63)
|
1.30 (0.77–2.21)
|
1.11 (0.63–1.95)
|
1.30 (0.73–2.30)
|
|
Pre-pregnancy obesity
|
|
Healthy weight
|
|
Underweight
|
0.81 (0.53–1.23)
|
0.73 (0.48–1.1)
|
0.91 (0.62–1.32)
|
0.99 (0.69–1.44)
|
0.94 (0.62–1.42)
|
1.02 (0.66–1.58)
|
0.98 (0.61–1.55)
|
|
Overweight
|
1.37 (1.03–1.82)Ϯ
|
1.20 (0.92–1.56)
|
1.25 (0.96–1.63)
|
1.34 (1.03–1.74)Ϯ
|
1.3 (0.98–1.73)
|
1.37 (1.00–1.89)
|
1.18 (0.84–1.68)
|
|
Obesity
|
1.50 (1.10–2.06)Ϯ
|
1.39 (1.04–1.86)Ϯ
|
1.55 (1.15–2.09)*
|
1.40 (1.04–1.87)Ϯ
|
1.29 (0.94–1.78)
|
1.31 (0.92–1.86)
|
1.37 (0.96–1.96)
|
|
Not known
|
1.40 (1.04–1.89)Ϯ
|
1.23 (0.93–1.64)
|
1.46 (1.09–1.96)Ϯ
|
1.57 (1.18–2.09)*
|
1.78 (1.30–2.44)**
|
1.47 (1.03–2.11)Ϯ
|
1.41 (0.97–2.04)
|
|
Smoking during 1st trimester
|
|
None (ref.)
|
|
< =10 cigarettes daily
|
0.98 (0.66–1.44)
|
0.94 (0.64–1.38)
|
1.01 (0.68–1.52)
|
1.14 (0.77–1.7)
|
1.22 (0.77–1.91)
|
1.23 (0.76–1.99)
|
0.77 (0.44–1.36)
|
|
11+ cigarettes daily
|
1.53 (0.96–2.43)
|
1.91 (1.23–2.96)*
|
1.71 (1.08–2.71)Ϯ
|
1.40 (0.83–2.36)
|
1.78 (1.06–2.99)Ϯ
|
1.49 (0.84–2.65)
|
1.70 (0.89–3.25)
|
|
Antibiotic medication
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
1.22 (0.89–1.68)
|
1.14 (0.85–1.54)
|
1.27 (0.95–1.72)
|
1.19 (0.88–1.61)
|
1.19 (0.86–1.64)
|
0.89 (0.61–1.31)
|
0.93 (0.62–1.39)
|
|
Anti-depressant medication
|
|
No (ref.)
|
|
Yes
|
0.95 (0.47–1.95)
|
1.33 (0.7–2.53)
|
1.53 (0.84–2.8)
|
0.86 (0.41–1.83)
|
1.48 (0.70–3.12)
|
1.43 (0.61–3.38)
|
0.90 (0.32–2.55)
|
- Notes: Ϯ p < 0.05 & > 0.01, * p < 0.01 & > 0.001, ** p < 0.001, the regression models were adjusted for several covariates outlined in ‘Control variables’ sub-section of ‘Methods’ section. Abbreviation: OR Odds Ratio, ref., reference category
