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Table 6 Compilation of the odds of experiencing wheezing, having ever been diagnosed with asthma, having ongoing asthma, or having eczema among the children whose mothers experienced asthma during pregnancy, compared to the offspring of non-asthmatic mothers, for all children, male only and female only regression models of different ages

From: Are wheezing, asthma and eczema in children associated with mother’s health during pregnancy? Evidence from an Australian birth cohort

Respiratory or allergic morbidities

Age 0–1

Age 2–3

Age 4–5

Age 6–7

Age 8–9

Age 10–11

Age 12–13

Age 14–15

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

OR (95% CI)

N = 4977

N = 4485

N = 4264

N = 4088

N = 3922

N = 3574

N = 3097

N = 2960

Wheezing

All children

Wheezing = Yes

1.49 (1.13–1.97)*

1.83 (1.4–2.4)**

1.47 (1.08–1.99)Ϯ

1.8 (1.3–2.49)**

1.91 (1.34–2.71)**

2.47 (1.69–3.61)**

1.69 (1.02–2.78)Ϯ

1.27 (0.72–2.24)

  Wheezing = No (ref.)

        

Male only

  Wheezing = Yes

1.5(1.03–2.18)Ϯ

1.93(1.34–2.76)**

1.77(1.20–2.63)*

2.07(1.35–3.18)**

1.97(1.22–3.17)*

3.28(2.01–5.34)**

1.56(0.78–3.11)

1.13(0.49–2.61)

  Wheezing = No (ref.)

        

Female only

  Wheezing = Yes

1.46(0.94–2.24)

1.73(1.14–2.65)*

1.15(0.70–1.91)

1.59(0.96–2.66)

1.8(1.03–3.15)Ϯ

1.72(0.92–3.21)

1.67 (0.81–3.46)

1.47 (0.69–3.15)

  Wheezing = No (ref.)

        

Ever diagnosed asthma

All children

  Ever had asthma = Yes

 

2.22 (1.65–3)**

2.34 (1.77–3.10)**

2.58 (1.94–3.44)**

2.42 (1.83–3.20)**

2.64 (1.96–3.56)**

2.9 (2.09–4.02)**

2.5 (1.78–3.52)**

  Ever had asthma = No (ref.)

       

Male only

  Ever had asthma = Yes

 

2.76(1.86–4.11)**

2.75(1.86–4.07)**

2.69(1.81–3.98)**

2.87(1.93–4.28)**

3.04(1.98–4.67)**

2.66(1.69–4.18)**

2.35(1.46–3.79)**

  Ever had asthma = No (ref.)

       

Female only

  Ever had asthma = Yes

 

1.77(1.10–2.86)Ϯ

2.01(1.30–3.10)*

2.44(1.57–3.81)**

1.98(1.30–3.01)**

2.29(1.46–3.59)**

3.42(2.06–5.69)**

2.83(1.73–4.62)**

  Ever had asthma = No (ref.)

       

Ongoing asthma

All children

  Ongoing asthma = Yes

 

2.53 (1.85–3.46)**

3.29 (2.47–4.40)**

3.32 (2.45–4.50)**

2.75 (2.03–3.73)**

3.74 (2.72–5.15)**

3.18 (2.22–4.56)**

2.63 (1.79–3.87)**

  Ongoing asthma = No (ref.)

       

Male only

  Ongoing asthma = Yes

 

3.17(2.10–4.77)**

4.09(2,76–6.08)**

3.30(2.17–5.00)**

2.74(1.79–4.20)**

3.66(2.36–5.68)**

3.17(1.93–5.21)

2.00(1.14–3.48)*

  Ongoing asthma = No (ref.)

       

Female only

  Ongoing asthma = Yes

 

2.08(1.27–3.41)*

2.68(1.69–4.24)**

3.40(2.14–5.39)**

2.83(1.81–4.43)**

4.09(2.55–6.56)**

3.38(1.94–5.86)**

3.30(1.88–5.82)**

  Ongoing asthma = No (ref.)

       

Eczema

All children

  Eczema = Yes

1.43 (1.06–1.94)Ϯ

1.2 (0.88–1.63)

1.45 (1.04–2.04)Ϯ

1.97 (1.4–2.77)**

1.38 (0.95–1.99)

1.56 (1.04–2.35)Ϯ

1.71 (1.09–2.67)Ϯ

1.09 (2.67–0.018)

  Eczema = No (ref.)

        

Male only

  Eczema = Yes

1.46(0.96–2.21)Ϯ

1.13(0.73–1.75)

1.33(0.83–2.12)

2.08(1.29–3.36)*

1.76(1.05–2.96)Ϯ

2.18(1.24–3.84)*

1.16(0.58–2.34)

0.93(0.41–2.09)

  Eczema = No (ref.)

        

Female only

  Eczema = Yes

1.39(0.90–2.15)

1.28(0.82–2.01)

1.62(0.99–2.66)

1.88(1.15–3.07)

1.11(0.67–1.85)

1.03(0.58–1.83)

2.15(1.21–3.83)

1.95(1.08–3.51)

Eczema = No (ref.)

        
  1. Notes: Ϯ p < 0.05 & > 0.01, * p < 0.01 & > 0.001, ** p < 0.001, the regression models were adjusted for covariates outlined in ‘Control variables’ sub-section of ‘Methods’ section. Abbreviation: OR Odds Ratio; ref., reference category