Factors influencing access and utilization of health services among older people during the COVID − 19 pandemic: a scoping review

Table 2 Main themes and sub-themes affecting the elderly’s access and utilization of healthcare services during COVID-19 pandemic

Main themes	Sub-themes	References
Access to COVID-related services	Acute COVID services	[5, 11, 12]
	Supplementary oxygen services	[5]
	ICU services	[13]
Access to non-COVID related services	Homecare	[14,15,16]
	Tele health	[17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28]
	Routine/Outpatient health care	[16, 21, 24, 27, 29,30,31]
	Oral healthcare	[24]
	Mental healthcare	[11, 12, 19, 29, 30, 32,33,34,35,36,37,38]
	Medications	[20]
	Palliative care services	[13, 23, 39]
	Chronic healthcare services	[40, 41]
	Other primary healthcare services	[42]
Literacy and education	Digital literacy	[19, 22, 28, 32, 34, 43]
	Misinformation	[11, 19]
	Continuing education	[35]
Accommodation challenges	Caregivers and nurses	[16, 17, 26, 39]
	Nursing homes	[15, 44, 45]
	Nutritional challenges	[29]
	Social support services	[46]
Policies and structures	Continuity of essential health services	[18, 47]
	Health policy priorities	[13, 43, 48]
	Organizational communication	[18, 44]
	Ethics during hospitalization	[49]
Perceived attitudes of aging	Uncertainty about the future	[29]
	Compliance to recommendations	[36]
	Reframing aging initiative	[48]
	Comprehensive understanding of ageism	[48]
Social determinants of health	Physical determinants	[5, 6, 17, 32, 43, 44]
	Economic determinants	[6, 29, 47, 50]
	Social determinants	[6, 11, 30, 32,33,34, 40, 44, 47, 50,51,52,53]
	Demographic determinants	[6, 30, 40, 42, 51, 53]
	Cultural determinants	[18]

ISSN: 2049-3258