Table 6 The multilevel Weibull regression analysis of individual and community level predictors of under-five mortality in East Africa
Variable | Null model | Model 1 (AHR with 95% CI) | Model 2(AHR with 95% CI) | Model 3 (AHR with 95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | ||||
 15–24 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 25–34 |  | 0.94 (0.88, 1.01) |  | 0.95 (0.89, 1.01) |
  ≥ 35 |  | 1.13 (1.03, 1.23) |  | 1.13 (1.04, 1.24)* |
Maternal education status | ||||
 No |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Primary |  | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) |  | 1.06 (0.99, 1.13) |
 Secondary and above |  | 0.81 (0.74, 0.88) |  | 0.83 (0.75, 0.91)* |
Husband education status | ||||
 No |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Primary |  | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) |  | 1.03 (0.96, 1.11) |
 Secondary and above |  | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) |  | 1.03 (0.95, 1.12) |
Media exposure | ||||
 Yes |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 No |  | 1.10 (1.05, 1.17) |  | 1.13 (1.07, 1.20)* |
Birth outcome | ||||
 Single |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Multiple |  | 3.87 (3.57, 4.18) |  | 3.81 (3.52, 4.12)* |
Sex of child | ||||
 Male |  | 1.23 (1.18, 1.29) |  | 1.27 (1.21, 1.33)* |
 Female |  | 1 |  | 1 |
Birth size | ||||
 Average |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 small |  | 1.69 (1.60, 1.79) |  | 1.73 (1.63, 1.84)* |
 Large |  | 1.15 (1.08, 1.22) |  | 1.11 (1.04, 1.17)* |
Birth order | ||||
 First |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 2–4 |  | 0.61 (0.56, 0.67) |  | 0.62 (0.56, 0.67)* |
  ≥ 5 |  | 0.68 (0.61, 0.76) |  | 0.68 (0.61, 0.76)* |
Place of delivery | ||||
 Home |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Health facility |  | 0.95 (0.90, 1.01) |  | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93)* |
Mode of delivery | ||||
 Vaginal |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Caesarean section |  | 1.06 (0.96, 1.17) |  | 1.09 (0.99, 1.21) |
Number of ANC visit | ||||
 No visit |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 1–3 |  | 0.61 (0.54, 0.68) |  | 0.61 (0.54, 0.68)* |
  ≥ 4 |  | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) |  | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) |
Preceding birth interval (in months) | ||||
  < 24 |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 24–48 |  | 0.54 (0.51, 0.58) |  | 0.53 (0.50, 0.57)* |
  ≥ 49 |  | 0.50 (0.46, 0.54) |  | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) |
Wanted birth | ||||
 No |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Yes |  | 0.68 (0.65, 0.72) |  | 0.72 (0.68, 0.76)* |
Wealth status | ||||
 Poorest |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Poorer |  | 0.98 (0.91, 1.04) |  | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) |
 Middle |  | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) |  | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97)* |
 Richer |  | 0.99 (0.91, 1.06) |  | 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) |
 Richest |  | 0.89 (0.82, 0.98) |  | 0.81 (0.73, 0.90)* |
Women health care decision making autonomy | ||||
 Respondent alone |  | 1 |  | 1 |
 Jointly with husband/partner |  | 1.07 (1.01, 1.15) |  | 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) |
 Husband/partner alone |  | 1.13 (1.06, 1.21) |  | 1.15 (1.07, 1.23)* |
Residence | ||||
 Rural |  |  | 1.12 (1.05, 1.18) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.03) |
 Urban |  |  | 1 | 1 |
Country | ||||
 Rwanda |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 Burundi |  |  | 1.43 (1.25, 1.64) | 1.23 (1.06, 1.44)* |
 Ethiopia |  |  | 1.57 (1.37, 1.81) | 1.01 (0.84, 1.19) |
 Kenya |  |  | 1.12 (0.98, 1.28) | 0.79 (0.68, 0.91)* |
 Comoros |  |  | 1.08 (0.87, 1.33) | 0.66 (0.53, 0.83)* |
 Madagascar |  |  | 1.49 (1.30, 1.71) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28)* |
 Malawi |  |  | 1.25 (1.09, 1.49) | 1.07 (0.91, 1.25) |
 Mozambique |  |  | 1.97 (1.73, 2.26) | 1.42 (1.21, 1.66)* |
 Tanzania |  |  | 1.35 (1.17, 1.55) | 1.01 (0.86, 1.20) |
 Uganda |  |  | 1.38 (1.21, 1.57) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.16) |
 Zambia |  |  | 1.27 (1.11, 1.47) | 1.02 (0.86, 1.22) |
 Zimbabwe |  |  | 1.43 (1.22, 1.68) | 1.20 (1.01, 1.45)* |
Distance to health facility | ||||
 Not a big problem |  |  | 1 | 1 |
 A big problem |  |  | 1.03 (0.98, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) |
 VPC | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
 LR test | LR test vs. Weibull model: chibar2(01) = 27.11 Prob > = chibar2 = 0.0000 | LR test vs. Weibull model: chibar2(01) = 20.46 Prob > = chibar2 = 0.0000 | LR test vs. Weibull model: chibar2(01) = 22.93 Prob > = chibar2 = 0.0000 | LR test vs. Weibull model: chibar2(01) = 17.87 Prob > = chibar2 = 0.0000 |
 Deviance | 85,876.04 | 83,370.89 | 85,648.85 | 83,211.55 |