Table 1 COVID-19 health states, attributable disability weights and data sources

Asymptomatic

Non-hospitalised community infection: Has infection but experiences no symptoms

PHS SEIR transmission model [17, 18, 23]

Nil

Infectious disease: acute episode, moderate

Non-hospitalised community infection: Has a fever and aches, and feels weak, which causes some difficulty with daily activities.

PHS SEIR transmission model, GBD 2019 [17, 18, 23, 24]

0.051

Infectious disease: acute episode, severe

Hospitalised infection: Has a high fever and pain, and feels very weak, which causes great difficulty with daily activities.

PHS, GBD 2019 [5, 24]

0.133

Infectious disease: acute episode, intensive care

Hospitalised infection, requiring intensive care unit admission with or without respiratory support

PHS, EDWS [5, 25]

0.655

Infectious disease: post-acute consequences

Suffers from symptomatic health loss post infection, such as fatigue, emotional lability, or insomnia

Based on published transition probabilities of total number of cases (1-in-7), with 28-day duration [22, 24]

0.219