Valuables | Cluster level frailty (Model 1) | Region level frailty (Model I1) | Nested frailty (Model II1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
AHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | AHR (95% CI) | ||
Child sex | Male | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Female | 0.86 (0.66—1.14) | 0.85 (0.65—1.11) | 0.86 (0.65 -1.13) | |
Plurality | Single | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Multiple | 6.72 (4.23—0.69) | 5.54 (3.70—8.30) | 7.03 (4.40 -11.24) *** | |
Immediate breastfed status | > 1 h | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≤ 1 h | 0.41 (0.28—0.60) | 0.44 (0.30—0.64) | 0.41 (0.28—0.61) *** | |
Birth interval | ≥ 24 months | 1 | 1 | 1 |
18–23 months | 1.63 (1.12 -2.37) | 1.65 (1.15—2.38) | 1.62 (1.12 -2.36) * | |
< 18 months | 2.74 (1.94—3.87) | 2.85 (2.05—3.95) | 2.73 (1.93 -3.86) ** | |
Birth order | ≤ three | 1 | 1 | 1 |
≥ four | 1.31 (0.94—1.83) | 1.27 (0.92—1.75) | 1.32 (0.95 -1.84) | |
Teenage pregnancy | No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Yes | 1.68 (1.00—2.84) | 1.52 (0.92—2.51) | 1.70 (1.01—2.87) * | |
Place of delivery | Health facility | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Home | 0.93 (0.66 -1.33) | 1.04 (0.75—1.44) | 0.94 (0.66 -1.34) | |
ANC visit | No | 1 | 1 | 1 |
At least one ANC | 0.75 (0.51 -1.10) | 0.74 (0.51—1.08) | 0.75 (0.51—1.10) | |
Maternal education | No education | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Primary | 1.21 (0.86 -1.69) | 1.22 (0.89—1.67) | 1.21 (0.86—1.68) | |
Secondary & above | 0.62 (0.28 -1.33) | 0.61 (0.29—1.26) | 0.62 (0.28—1.33) | |
Residence | Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Rural | 0.78 (0.45—1.36) | 0.73 (0.47—1.14) | 0.77 (0.44—1.35) | |
Household wealth index | Poor | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle | 1.25 (0.79—1.97) | 1.19 (0.78—1.82) | 1.25 (0.79—1.96) | |
Rich | 1.30 (0.82—2.04) | 1.12 (0.74—1.68) | 1.29 (0.82—2.04) | |
Water source | Improved | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Unimproved | 1.46 (0.72 -2.96) | 1.51 (0.80—2.85) | 1.47 (0.73—2.99) | |
Penalized log-likelihood | -1196.98 | -1216.26 | -1159.67 | |
Region level frailty θ (p-value) | 0.036 (0.2) | 0.007 (0.009) | ||
Cluster level frailty θ (p-value) | 0.88 (< 0.001) | 0.91 (< 0.001) |