Table 4 Distribution of the answers on the PTSD Checklist (PCL-5) scale
PTSD checklist (PCL-5)1 (N = 519) | Not at all (0) n (%) | A little bit (1) n (%) | Moderately (2) n (%) | Quite a bit (3) n (%) | Extremely (4) n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Repeated, disturbing, and unwanted memories of the blast? | 104 (20%) | 107 (21%) | 98 (19%) | 117 (23%) | 93 (18%) |
Repeated, disturbing dreams of the blast? | 211 (41%) | 100 (19%) | 75 (14%) | 69 (13%) | 64 (12%) |
Suddenly feeling or acting as if the blast was happening again? | 194 (37%) | 97 (19%) | 80 (15%) | 74 (14%) | 74 (14%) |
Feeling very upset when something reminded you of the blast? | 72 (14%) | 97 (19%) | 104 (20%) | 109 (21%) | 137 (26%) |
Having strong physical reactions when something reminded you of the blast (such as heart pounding, trouble breathing, sweating)? | 192 (37%) | 112 (22%) | 71 (14%) | 75 (14%) | 69 (13%) |
Avoiding memories, thoughts, or feelings related to the blast? | 132 (25%) | 100 (19%) | 91 (18%) | 96 (18%) | 100 (19%) |
Avoiding external reminders of the blast (people, places, conversations, activities, objects, or situations)? | 169 (33%) | 95 (18%) | 88 (17%) | 86 (17%) | 81 (16%) |
Trouble remembering important parts of the blast or what happened after it? | 247 (48%) | 74 (14%) | 66 (13%) | 74 (14%) | 58 (11%) |
Having strong negative beliefs about yourself, other people, or the world | 193 (37%) | 95 (18%) | 62 (12%) | 85 (16%) | 84 (16%) |
Blaming yourself or someone else for the blast or what happened after it? | 253 (49%) | 80 (15%) | 60 (12%) | 73 (14%) | 53 (10%) |
Having strong negative feelings such as fear, horror, anger, guilt, or shame? | 157 (30%) | 104 (20%) | 100 (19%) | 78 (15%) | 80 (16%) |
Loss of interest in activities that you used to enjoy? | 140 (27%) | 108 (21%) | 93 (18%) | 100 (19%) | 78 (15%) |
Feeling distant or cut off from other people? | 146 (28%) | 119 (23%) | 79 (15%) | 94 (18%) | 81 (16%) |
Trouble experiencing positive feelings | 164 (32%) | 115 (22%) | 83 (16%) | 88 (17%) | 69 (13%) |
Irritable behavior, angry outbursts, or acting aggressively? | 149 (29%) | 101 (19%) | 111 (21%) | 66 (13%) | 92 (18%) |
Taking too many risks or doing things that could cause you harm? | 286 (55%) | 72 (14%) | 61 (12%) | 55 (11%) | 45 (8%) |
Being “superalert” or watchful or on guard? | 138 (27%) | 117 (23%) | 101 (19%) | 77 (15%) | 86 (16%) |
Feeling jumpy or easily startled? | 164 (32%) | 116 (22%) | 94 (18%) | 63 (12%) | 82 (16%) |
Having difficulty concentrating? | 131 (25%) | 108 (21%) | 120 (23%) | 92 (18%) | 68 (13%) |
Trouble falling or staying asleep? | 169 (33%) | 120 (23%) | 79 (15%) | 77 (15%) | 74 (14%) |