Family support and transport cost: understanding health service among older people from the perspective of social-ecological model

Yuan, Bocong; Zhang, Tong; Li, Jiannan

doi:10.1186/s13690-022-00923-1

Archives of Public Health

Table 4 Supplementary robustness check: Clarifying potential self-selection bias of transport and health care need (combining Heckman two-stage procedure and multiple logit model)

From: Family support and transport cost: understanding health service among older people from the perspective of social-ecological model

	Dependent variables: Class of health care facilities visited [multiple logit model, REF = first tier (community healthcare centers, township hospital, health care service station, village clinic/private clinic)]
	Model 1						Model 2
	second tier (specialized hospital, Chinese medicine hospital)			third-tier (general hospital)			second tier (specialized hospital, Chinese medicine hospital)			third-tier (general hospital)
	Coef.	Robust S.E.	95% CI	Coef.	Robust S.E.	95% CI	Coef.	Robust S.E.	95% CI	Coef.	Robust S.E.	95% CI
Independent variables
Transport cost in health service seeking [ex-post, having paid]	1.031 ^**	0.090	[0.854, 1.207]	1.019 ^**	0.074	[0.875, 1.164]	1.036 ^**	0.090	[0.859, 1.213]	1.030 ^**	0.075	[0.884, 1.177]
Family support [face to face]	0.339 ^**	0.103	[0.138, 0.541]	0.184 ^**	0.077	[0.034, 0.335]
Family support [Online connection]							0.354 ^*	0.138	[0.083, 0.624]	0.328 ^**	0.104	[0.125, 0.531]
Disability	−1.207 ^**	0.420	[−2.031, −0.384]	−0.976 ^**	0.308	[−1.579, − 0.373]	− 1.217 ^**	0.420	[−2.039, − 0.394]	− 0.986 ^**	0.310	[− 1.594, − 0.378]
Disability ×Transport cost in health service seeking [ex-post, having paid]	0.408 ^*	0.180	[0.055, 0.762]	0.409 ^**	0.154	[0.106, 0.711]	0.418 ^*	0.183	[0.060, 0.776]	0.420 ^**	0.157	[0.112, 0.728]
Demography
Age	−0.007	0.014	[− 0.035, 0.021]	0.028 ^**	0.010	[0.008, 0.047]	−0.008	0.014	[−0.036, 0.020]	0.029 ^**	0.010	[0.009, 0.050]
Gender
Male	REF.			REF.			REF.			REF.
Female	−0.264	0.228	[−0.711, 0.182]	0.166	0.173	[−0.174, 0.505]	−0.269	0.229	[−0.719, 0.181]	0.158	0.176	[−0.188, 0.503]
Health insurance	−0.426	0.510	[−1.426, 0.574]	−0.598	0.367	[−1.318, 0.122]	−0.500	0.510	[−1.500, 0.500]	−0.634	0.369	[−1.357, 0.089]
Financial situations	0.054	0.064	[−0.072, 0.180]	0.050	0.047	[−0.041, 0.142]	0.058	0.065	[−0.069, 0.185]	0.051	0.048	[−0.042, 0.145]
Chronic conditions	0.144	0.079	[−0.011, 0.299]	0.161 ^**	0.053	[0.057, 0.265]	0.145	0.080	[−0.010, 0.301]	0.165 ^**	0.054	[0.060, 0.271]
Self-rated health	−0.104	0.128	[−0.355, 0.147]	−0.148	0.082	[−0.308, 0.013]	− 0.107	0.128	[− 0.357, 0.143]	−0.148	0.082	[−0.309, 0.012]
Inverse Mills ratio (adjusted according to health care need)	65.104	175.500	[− 278.871, 409.078]	−100.521	136.470	[−367.996, 166.954]	87.438	178.278	[− 261.981, 436.857]	−83.035	141.805	[− 360.967, 194.896]
Intercept	−23.929	50.083	[−122.091, 74.232]	24.282	38.968	[−52.093, 100.657]	−30.500	50.938	[− 130.338, 69.337]	17.709	40.466	[−61.604, 97.022]
Num. of non-missing observations	1373						1373
Wald-statistics	282.18						272.89
[p-value]	[0.000]						[0.000]

^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01. Robust standard errors are reported

Back to article page

ISSN: 2049-3258

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com