Skip to main content

Table 3 Estimated unadjusted and adjusted associations between maternal work status exposure and intermediate outcomes of child morbidity, dietary intake, health and hygiene behaviors

From: Association between mother’s work status and child stunting in urban slums: a cross-sectional assessment of 346 child-mother dyads in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2020)

Intermediate outcomes

Crude OR (95% CI)

Adjusted OR (95% CI)

N

Maternal work status (currently working)

Controlled for child’s age and sex; maternal education; household wealth, slum location

Child Sickness

 Fever in last 3 months

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

2.12 (1.00, 4.51)^

1.91 (0.99, 3.65)^

 Diarrhea in last 3 months

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

0.89 (0.43, 1.86)

0.80 (0.37, 1.69)

Child Diet

 Breastfeeding

  Exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months

   No

Ref

Ref

343

   Yes

0.76 (0.44, 1.30)

0.73 (0.41, 1.31)

  Complementary breastfeeding between 7 and 23 months

   No

Ref

Ref

327

   Yes

0.50 (0.21, 1.21)

0.69 (0.28, 1.66)

 Complementary feeding (children > 6 months)a

  No. of times child ate soft/semi/solid food yesterday (4 or more)

   No

Ref

Ref

327

   Yes

2.48 (1.11, 5.54)*

1.84 (0.67, 5.04)

  No. of IYCF food groups child ate yesterday (4 or more)

   No

Ref

Ref

327

   Yes

2.06 (0.95, 4.45)^

1.39 (0.58, 3.36)

  1.Vitamins of plant origin (vegetables, fruits, grains) – child ate 2 or more source yesterday

   No

Ref

Ref

327

   Yes

1.43 (0.73, 2.81)

1.15 (0.52, 2.52)

  2.Vitamins of animal origin (breastmilk, dairy poducts, flesh foods, eggs) – child ate 2 or more source yesterday

   No

Ref

Ref

327

   Yes

0.96 (0.29, 3.15)

0.82 (0.25, 2.64)

  3. Proteins (nuts/legumes, dairy products, flesh foods, eggs) - child ate 2 or more source yesterday

   No

Ref

Ref

327

   Yes

1.50 (0.71, 3.17)

0.75 (0.33, 1.68)

Health and hygeine behaviors

 Sought treatment when child last had fever/cough

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

1.07 (0.56, 2.04)

1.37 (0.67, 2.80)

 ANC visits

  None or less than 4

Ref

Ref

343

  4 or more

1.30 (0.61, 2.79)

0.85 (0.31, 2.36)

 Child’s place of birth

  Facility

Ref

Ref

343

  Home

1.01 (0.53, 1.89)

1.04 (0.54, 1.99)

 Fully Vaccinatedb

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

0.35 (0.19, 0.66)***

0.41 (0.21, 0.81)*

 Water is available at handwashing placee

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

1.00 (0.62, 1.60)

0.61 (0.30, 1.22)

 Soap/detergent present at handwashing place c

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

0.78 (0.49, 1.24)

0.77 (0.50, 1.18)

 Treat water at home for safer drinking (boiling/ cloth straining)

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

0.58 (0.30, 1.14)

0.89 (0.39, 2.02)

 Store drinking water at home

  No

Ref

Ref

343

  Yes

0.43 (0.27, 0.68)***

0.47 (0.27, 0.81)**

  1. OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, ANC antenatal care; standard errors clustered; data on missing covariates were imputed
  2. ^p ≤ 0.10; *p ≤ 0.05; ** p ≤ 0.01; *** p ≤ 0.001
  3. aDon’t know’ is assumed ‘no’ in calculation of diet diversity and meal frequency variable
  4. bChildren 8 months and under were coded as vaccinated
  5. cObservations with no handwashing place observed coded as ‘no’
Back to article page

Archives of Public Health

ISSN: 2049-3258