Table 1 Overview of studies included in the study

Piron [13]

USA

2004 

To assess the impacts of a telerehabilitation technology for the treatment of arm motor disabilities due to a stroke

Stroke

Arm

Reinkensmeyer [14]

USA

2002

To establish a web-based telerehabilitation for upper limb disabilities after stroke

Stroke

Arm and hand

Feng [15]

USA

2005

To design and development of UniTherapy as a telerehabilitation system

Stroke

UL

Kuttuva [16]

USA

2006

To design and development of the Rutgers Arm as a training system for shoulder rehabilitation exercises

Stroke

UL

Pickett [17]

Columbia

2007

To examining the impact of clinic-based Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and a home-based CIMT trial (teleCIMT) consolidating telecommunications innovation in progressing the performance of two stroke survivors

Stroke

UL

Page [18]

US

2007

To determining the effectiveness of modified constraint-induced therapy extension (mCITE) protocol in telerehabilitation of patients with stroke

Stroke

Arm

Sucar [19]

Mexico

2009

To design and development of a low-cost telerehabilitation system for arm disability rehabilitation in stroke survivors that allows them to perform arm physical exercise at home or in the medical centers with cyclic interactions with the therapist

Stroke

Arm

Sucar [20]

Mexico

2010

To helping people with a stroke to do arm exercising at home or clinical centers without an advisor

Stroke

Arm

Golomb [21]

USA

2010

To explore whether in-home remotely checked virtual reality videogame-based telerehabilitation in youths with spastic hemiplegia can progress hand work and lower arm bone wellbeing, and illustrate changes in motor circuitry stimulation

Stroke(Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy)

Forearm and hand

Golomb [22]

USA

2011

The evaluation of hand performance and arm bone wellness after 14 months of intervention through video game-based telerehabilitation in teenagers with spastic hemiplegia

Stroke(Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy)

Hand

Aung [23]

Australia

2012

To design and evalution of a successful augmented reality based upper extremity's rehabilitation framework with low cost

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or stroke

UL

Sampson [24]

New Zealand

2012

To design and improvement of upper extremities rehabilitation using bilateral exercise and the Bilateral Upper Limb Coach (BUiLT) to supply symmetrical and two-sided arm training in a "constrained" and self-assisted way

Stroke with hemiparesis

UL

Langan [3]

USA

2013

To examines the employ of telerehabilitation to move forward upper extremities function in unremitting periods of stroke recuperation

Stroke

UL

Piga [25]

Italia

2014

To self-managed kinesiotherapy meetings for the recovery of hand performance in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatic joint pain sensation

Systemic Sclerosis and Rheumatoid Arthritis

Hand

Langan [26]

USA

2014

To evaluation of upper extremity performance in adults with hemiplegic cerebral dysfunction after home-based telerehabilitation

Cerebral Palsy

Arm

Tousignant [27]

Canada

2014

To feasibility assessment a home tele-treatment program for people with humeral fractures

Proximal humerus fractures

Arm

Kato [28]

Japan

2015

To establishment of a telerehabilitation method based on virtual reality technology for rehabilitation of paralysed upper and lower limbs and poor balance in people with stroke

Stroke

UL

Van Straaten [29]

US

2015

To testing the powerfulness of the high-dose practice program provided through telerehabilitation for patients with SCI and defining whether the intervention reduces pain and increases performance

SCI

Arm

Cabana [30]

Canada

2016

To evaluation of clinical effects of telerehabilitation approach (TELE group) in comparison with face-to-face visits to a clinic for patients undergoing proximal humerus fracture

Proximal humerus fracture

Arm

Tsekleves [31]

UK

2016

The development and assessment of a low-cost VR-based telerehabilitation platform for stroke patients with upper extremity disabilities

Stroke

UL

Song [32]

China

2016

To design of a new one-therapist to three-patient robot for remote rehabilitation of patients with upper limb disability

Stroke

UL

Lambert [33]

Australia

2017

To measurement of adherence to home practice programmes for sick person with musculoskeletal disorders with telerehabilitation program compared to paper handouts

Musculoskeletal

UL

Kizony [34]

Israel

2017

To evaluation of the effect of telerehabilitation services in patients with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) with upper limb disabilities for two months or more

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

UL

Cikajlo [35]

Slovenia

2018

To exploring the role of telerehabilitation games in functional enhancement of upper limb disabilities in people with Parkinson’s diseas

Parkinson’s disease (PD)

UL

Kim [36]

South Korea

2018

To evaluate the effectiveness of the Kinect-based virtual rehabilitation (VR) system for upper extremities healing in patients with acute stroke

Subacute stroke

UL

Cabrera-Martos [37]

USA

2019

To assess the degree of compatibility between face-to-face and telerehabilitation-evaluation of UL performance in patients with PD

Parkinson disease (PD)

Hand or fingers; and/or previous trauma or fracture of the upper extremities

Hung [38]

Taiwan

2019

To create Kinect2Scratch games and compare the impacts of training with a therapist-based training on the upper extremity performance of patients with stroke

Stroke(Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy)

Shoulders, elbows and wrists

Agyeman [39]

UK

2019

To design and development of a wearable device for propelling patients with upper and/or lower limb Inability through gaming and home-based telerehabilitation

Stroke

UL

Qiu [40]

US

2020

To design and create of the home based virtual rehabilitation system (HoVRS) to telerehabilitation and custom-made upper extremity training

Stroke

Elbows, shoulders, wrists, hands and arms