Table 4 Types of evaluation in telerehabilitation systems for rehabilitation of upper limb disabilities

Evaluation and measurement of upper limb function

Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity score (FMA-UE)

[13, 16, 17, 19, 24, 29, 34, 36, 38]

9

[3, 13, 15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25, 27, 29, 30, 34,35,36,37,38]

21

Wolf Motor Function (WMFT)

[3, 18, 19, 38]

4

Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH)

[27, 29, 30]

3

Motor Activity Log (MAL)

[17, 18, 38]

3

Finger range of motion (ROM)

[21, 30]

2

Use of EMG sensors and other sensors

[21, 23]

2

Box and Block Test (BBT)

[17, 35]

2

Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39)

[35]

1

Wheelchair User’s Shoulder Pain Index (WUSPI)

[29]

1

Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI)

[24]

1

Index, and Shoulder Rating Questionnaire (SRQ)

[29]

1

Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)

[35]

1

Stroke Impact Scale (SIS)

[17]

1

Hand Mobility in Scleroderma (HAMIS)

[25]

1

Functional Index of Hand Osteoarthritis (FIHOA)

[25]

1

Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT)

[22, 35]

2

Actual Amount of Use Test (AAUT)

[17]

1

Nine-Hole Peg Hole Test (9HPT)

[35]

1

Motricity Index (MI)

[20]

1

Manual ability measure, dexterity (evaluated using the coin rotation task), motor speed (assessed by the finger tapping test), tremor (evaluated with the Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale), and range of motion (using the Kinovea software(

[37]

1

Range and motor skills and functional strength of the hand

Unilateral reaching movements from a waist to shoulder height target using an electro-magnetic 3D motion monitor (Ascension Technology Corporation, Burlington, VT) [3]

4]

1

[3, 13, 17, 19, 21, 32, 34]

7

Determination of the velocity and duration of 10 representative reaching movements(simple movements, e.g. pouring water from a glass, using a hammer, turning around the centre of a doughnut, etc.)

[13]

1

Measuring arm movement and interactive force between the patient arm and the robot

[32]

1

Grip strength assessment using a standard grip dynamometer

[17]

1

Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency

[21]

1

Trail Making Test (TMT, parts A and B)

[34]

1

Point quality of movement (QOM)

[19]

1

By glove sensors

[21]

1

Lab-based clinical and Kinematic Measures

Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

[21, 22]

2

[3, 21, 22]

4

Laboratory-based pre-, post- and one-month follow-up testing

[3]

1

Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT)

[21]

1

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

[21]

1

Computed tomography(CT)

[22]

1

Patient satisfaction

Questionnaire

[27, 30]

2

[18, 27, 30, 33]

4

 Health Care Satisfaction Questionnaire

 Non-standard tools

[33]

1

Interview

[18]

1

 Structured interview

Perceived treatment effectiveness, and different aspects of adherence

Semi-structured interview

[19, 33]

2

[19, 33]

2

Online survey

[33]

1

Limb position sense assessment

By moving different parts of the upper limb

[26]

1

[26]

1

One arm was passively extended 30° (reference position), held for three seconds and then returned to the original position

[3]

1

[3]

1

Standardized occupational therapy assessments

Using a Sammons Preston Jamar dynamometer and pinchometer

[21]

1

[21]

1

Severity of pain

Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire [SF-MPQ])

[27]

1

[27]

1

Usability testing

System Usability Scale (SUS) Questioner

[34]

1

[34]

1

Accuracy and precision of the system

Pilot test

[31]

1

[31]

1

Feasibility of the use of system

Pilot test

[40]

1

[40]

1

Cost analysis

Cost of services(Questionnaire)

[30]

1

[30]

1

Quality of life

Stroke Impact Scale (SIS), Evaluating the impact of the programs on quality of life after the intervention and a follow-up

[17]

1

[17]

1