Water, land, and air: how do residents of Brazilian remote rural territories travel to access health services?

Table 3 Per capita income and estimated travel expenses, rural area—headquarters of the RRM – municipality headquarters of the health region—capital of the state, Remote Rural Municipalities, Brazil, 2019

Territories	States	Gasoline/liter ^a (US$**)	Municipality^b	Per capita income ^c (US$**)	Estimated expenses with travel:
Territories	States	Gasoline/liter ^a (US$**)	Municipality^b	Per capita income ^c (US$**)	RA- RRM^d,e headquarters (US$**)	RRM- HR^d,e headquarters (US$**)	RRM-Capital^d,e (US$**)
Central-West	MT	1.14	Nova Lacerda	105.60	16.06	25.66	111.79
			Tabaporã	131.96	21.71	22.16	155.33
			Vila Bela da Sant. Trindade	106.04	28.77	15.11	101.29
Matopiba	TO	1.15	Campos Lindos	70.66	11.79	43.40	122.99
	MA	1.12	Formosa da Serra Negra	39.39	9.85	30.77	185.04
	MA	1.12	Tasso Fragoso	63.93	14.66	27.51	181.77
	PI	1.13	Avelino Lopes	52.87	6.37	36.12	154.15
			Júlio Borges	43.37	11.01	39.21	157.43
			Monte Alegre do Piauí	65.49	13.52	29.56	147.78
			Redenção do Gurguéia	61.80	11.11	10.24	129.62
North Waters	AM	1.12	Boa Vista do Ramos⁴	42.39	268.32 *	67.08 *	402.47 *
	AM	1.12	Maués	58.99	536.63 *	89.44 *	402.47 *
	AP	1.11	Vitória do Jari	74.71	132.71 *	11.46	64.89
	PA	1.18	Curuá	43.69	282.22 *	47.04 *	337.02
			Melgaço	32.65	353.89 *	24.33 *	398.13 *
			Aveiro	35.91	94.07 *	141.11 *	386.59
			Prainha	46.68	94.07 *	94.07 *	341.50
North Roads	PA	1.18	Rurópolis	58.55	36.78	44.22	323.03
	PA	1.18	Jacareacanga	69.82	78.76	152.37	431.18
	AC	1.24	Assis Brasil	70.35	25.11	23.46	72.49
North Minas	MG	1.18	Bonito de Minas	47.24	30.15	9.63	129.25
			Indaiabira	68.28	6.35	18.09	146.14
			Rubelita	60.12	7.64	6.03	125.83
Semiarid	BA	1.13	Ipupiara	62.37	23.13	31.03	119.32
			Morpará	54.22	10.99	16.58	139.36
			Pilão Arcado	47.32	30.65	54.17	151.89
	PI	1.13	Rio Grande do Piauí	60.09	5.41	26.08	73.41

Caption: ^* Routes that are conducted by waterways
^** Dollar exchange rate in 2019: US$1.00 = R$4.1414. Source: Central Bank of Brazil
^a The average annual price of gasoline, per liter, in 2019 by Brazilian states. Source: National Agency of Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels (ANP in Portuguese)
^b To measure fuel consumption on land routes, the average consumption of a car (pickup truck) with 4 × 4 traction was considered, which is a vehicle that is used in the six territories of the research. The average consumption, according to the National Institute of Metrology Standardization and Industrial Quality, is 5.85 km/liter. To measure fuel consumption on river routes, the average consumption was taken from the propulsion engine for motorboats, which include “voadeiras” and “rabetas” (outboard boats). The average consumption of this type of engine, according to the National Institute of Metrology Standardization and Industrial Quality, is 20 L of gasoline/hour
^c Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Demographic Census – (reference/2010)
^d Strategic Maps for Citizenship Policies (MOPS) of the Ministry of Citizenship and Ministry of Women, Family and Human Rights—(Reference/2019)
^e Department of Roads and Highways (DER) of the states of Tocantins (TO), Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Mato Grosso (MT), Minas Gerais (MG), Amazonas (AM), Amapá (AP), Pará (PA), Acre (AC), and Bahia (BA) – (Reference/2019)

ISSN: 2049-3258