Table 1 Characteristics of 121 countries with national essential medicines lists
From: Essential medicines for mental disorders: comparison of 121 national lists with WHO recommendations
Country | National EML year of publication | WHO region | Population (number of inhabitants) | Income level | GDP per capita (USD) | Total psychotropic medicines on list | Proportion of WHO essential medicines included in national EML (%) | Difference score | Inclusion of second generation AP and new generation AD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 2011 | Eastern Mediterranean | 37.466.414 | LIC | 2.065 | 22 | 100 | 8 | Yes |
Algeria | 2007 | Africa | 43.576.691 | LMIC | 11.511 | 43 | 86 | 33 | Yes |
Angola | 2008 | Africa | 33.642.646 | LMIC | 6.670 | 2 | 7 | 14 | No |
Argentina | 2005 | The Americas | 45.864.941 | UMIC | 22.064 | 19 | 79 | 11 | Yes |
Armenia | 2018 | Europe | 3.011.609 | UMIC | 13.654 | 14 | 93 | 2 | Yes |
Bangladesh | 2008 | South-East Asia | 164.098.818 | LMIC | 4.754 | 13 | 64 | 9 | No |
Barbados | 2011 | The Americas | 301.865 | HIC | 15.639 | 32 | 93 | 20 | Yes |
Belize | 2009 | The Americas | 405.633 | UMIC | 7.005 | 25 | 100 | 11 | Yes |
Bhutan | 2016 | South-East Asia | 857.423 | LMIC | 11.832 | 14 | 64 | 10 | Yes |
Bolivia | 2018 | The Americas | 11.758.869 | LMIC | 8.724 | 21 | 86 | 11 | Yes |
Bosnia | 2019 | Europe | 3.824.782 | UMIC | 14.912 | 26 | 79 | 22 | Yes |
Botswana | 2012 | Africa | 2.350.667 | UMIC | 17.767 | 22 | 100 | 8 | Yes |
Brazil | 2020 | The Americas | 213.445.417 | UMIC | 14.652 | 21 | 93 | 9 | Yes |
Burkina Faso | 2011 | Africa | 21.382.659 | LIC | 2.178 | 13 | 71 | 7 | No |
Burundi | 2012 | Africa | 12.241.065 | LIC | 752 | 29 | 86 | 19 | Yes |
Cambodia | 2001 | Western Pacific | 17.304.363 | LMIC | 4.389 | 2 | 7 | 14 | No |
Cameroon | 2017 | Africa | 28.524.175 | LMIC | 3.642 | 23 | 86 | 13 | Yes |
Cape Verde | 2018 | Africa | 589.451 | LMIC | 7.172 | 19 | 100 | 5 | Yes |
Central African Republic | 2009 | Africa | 5.357.984 | LIC | 945 | 12 | 71 | 6 | No |
Chad | 2007 | Africa | 17.414.108 | LIC | 1.580 | 13 | 64 | 9 | No |
Chile | 2005 | The Americas | 18.307.925 | HIC | 24.226 | 25 | 93 | 13 | Yes |
China | 2018 | Western Pacific | 1.397.897.720 | UMIC | 16.117 | 35 | 93 | 23 | Yes |
Colombia | 2016 | The Americas | 50.355.650 | UMIC | 14.722 | 15 | 93 | 3 | Yes |
Congo | 2011 | Africa | 5.414.414 | LMIC | 3.673 | 15 | 64 | 11 | No |
Cook Island | 2016 | Western Pacific | 8.327 | UMIC | 16.700 | 14 | 64 | 10 | Yes |
Costa Rica | 2014 | The Americas | 5.151.140 | UMIC | 19.642 | 23 | 93 | 11 | Yes |
Cote d'Ivoire | 2020 | Africa | 28.088.455 | LMIC | 5.213 | 30 | 86 | 22 | Yes |
Croatia | 2020 | Europe | 4.208.973 | HIC | 28.602 | 36 | 86 | 28 | Yes |
Cuba | 2014 | The Americas | 11.032.343 | UMIC | 12.300 | 20 | 86 | 12 | Yes |
Democratic People's Republic of Korea | South-East Asia | 25.831.360 | LIC | 1.700 | 3 | 14 | 13 | No | |
Democratic Republic of Congo | 2007 | Africa | 105.044.646 | LIC | 1.098 | 13 | 79 | 5 | No |
Djibouti | 2007 | Eastern Mediterranean | 938.413 | LMIC | 5.535 | 9 | 57 | 7 | No |
Dominica | 2007 | The Americas | 74.584 | UMIC | 11.917 | 25 | 86 | 15 | Yes |
Dominican Republic | 2018 | The Americas | 10.597.348 | UMIC | 18.413 | 23 | 100 | 9 | Yes |
Ecuador | 2019 | The Americas | 17.093.159 | UMIC | 11.375 | 23 | 79 | 15 | Yes |
Egypt | 2018 | Eastern Mediterranean | 106.437.241 | LMIC | 11.763 | 18 | 100 | 6 | Yes |
El Salvador | 2020 | The Americas | 6.528.135 | LMIC | 8.776 | 18 | 93 | 6 | Yes |
Eritrea | 2010 | Africa | 6.147.398 | LIC | 1.600 | 11 | 71 | 5 | No |
Ethiopia | 2015 | Africa | 110.871.031 | LIC | 2.221 | 25 | 93 | 13 | Yes |
Fiji | 2011 | Western Pacific | 939.535 | UMIC | 13.684 | 21 | 93 | 9 | Yes |
Gambia | 2019 | Africa | 2.221.301 | LIC | 2.223 | 13 | 71 | 7 | No |
Georgia | 2007 | Europe | 4.933.674 | UMIC | 14.992 | 12 | 79 | 4 | No |
Ghana | 2017 | Africa | 32.372.889 | LMIC | 5.413 | 26 | 86 | 16 | Yes |
Guinea | 2011 | Africa | 12.877.894 | LIC | 2.562 | 4 | 29 | 10 | No |
Guyana | 2009 | The Americas | 787.971 | UMIC | 13.082 | 17 | 64 | 13 | No |
Haiti | 2012 | The Americas | 11.198.240 | LIC | 2.905 | 11 | 79 | 3 | No |
Honduras | 2018 | The Americas | 9.346.277 | LMIC | 5.728 | 14 | 71 | 8 | Yes |
India | 2015 | South-East Asia | 1.339.330.514 | LMIC | 6.700 | 12 | 71 | 6 | Yes |
Indonesia | 2017 | South-East Asia | 275.122.131 | UMIC | 11.812 | 17 | 100 | 3 | Yes |
Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 2018–2019 | Eastern Mediterranean | 85.888.910 | LMIC | 12.389 | 51 | 93 | 39 | Yes |
Iraq | 2010 | Eastern Mediterranean | 39.650.145 | UMIC | 10.881 | 25 | 86 | 15 | Yes |
Jamaica | 2015 | The Americas | 2.816.602 | UMIC | 9.762 | 27 | 86 | 17 | Yes |
Jordan | 2011 | Eastern Mediterranean | 10.909.567 | UMIC | 10.071 | 37 | 93 | 25 | Yes |
Kenya | 2019 | Africa | 54.685.051 | LMIC | 4.330 | 27 | 93 | 15 | Yes |
Kiribati | 2009 | Western Pacific | 113.001 | LMIC | 2.272 | 12 | 64 | 8 | No |
Kyrgyzstan | 2018 | Europe | 6.018.789 | LMIC | 5.253 | 19 | 93 | 7 | Yes |
Lebanon | 2018 | Eastern Mediterranean | 5.261.372 | UMIC | 14.552 | 17 | 100 | 3 | Yes |
Lesotho | 2005 | Africa | 2.177.740 | LMIC | 2.704 | 12 | 64 | 8 | No |
Liberia | 2017 | Africa | 5.214.030 | LIC | 1.428 | 14 | 93 | 2 | Yes |
Malawi | Africa | 20.308.502 | LIC | 1.060 | 14 | 79 | 6 | Yes | |
Malaysia | 2019 | Western Pacific | 33.519.406 | UMIC | 28.364 | 14 | 93 | 2 | Yes |
Maldives | 2018 | South-East Asia | 390.669 | UMIC | 19.531 | 23 | 93 | 11 | Yes |
Mali | 2019 | Africa | 20.137.527 | LIC | 2.322 | 25 | 100 | 13 | Yes |
Malta | 2020 | Europe | 460.891 | HIC | 44.032 | 48 | 100 | 34 | Yes |
Marshall Islands | 2007 | Western Pacific | 78.831 | UMIC | 3.889 | 14 | 57 | 14 | No |
Mauritania | 2007 | Africa | 4.079.284 | LMIC | 5.197 | 16 | 79 | 11 | Yes |
Mexico | 2016 | The Americas | 130.207.371 | UMIC | 19.796 | 40 | 86 | 34 | Yes |
Mongolia | 2020 | Western Pacific | 3.198.913 | LMIC | 12.317 | 17 | 50 | 17 | No |
Montenegro | 2019 | Europe | 607.414 | UMIC | 21.470 | 39 | 79 | 31 | Yes |
Morocco | 2008 | Eastern Mediterranean | 36.561.813 | LMIC | 7.515 | 15 | 64 | 11 | No |
Mozambique | 2017 | Africa | 30.888.034 | LIC | 1.281 | 15 | 79 | 7 | Yes |
Myanmar | 2016 | South-East Asia | 57.069.099 | LMIC | 5.142 | 18 | 86 | 8 | Yes |
Namibia | 2016 | Africa | 2.678.191 | UMIC | 9.637 | 26 | 93 | 14 | Yes |
Nauru | 2010 | Western Pacific | 9.770 | HIC | 11.583 | 12 | 71 | 6 | Yes |
Nepal | 2016 | South-East Asia | 30.424.878 | LMIC | 3.417 | 16 | 86 | 6 | Yes |
Nicaragua | 2011 | The Americas | 6.243.931 | LMIC | 5.407 | 14 | 71 | 8 | No |
Nigeria | 2016 | Africa | 219.463.862 | LMIC | 5.136 | 12 | 79 | 4 | Yes |
Niue | 2006 | Western Pacific | 1.620 | UMIC | 5.800 | 14 | 57 | 11 | No |
Oman | 2016 | Eastern Mediterranean | 3.694.755 | HIC | 27.299 | 29 | 100 | 15 | Yes |
Pakistan | 2018 | Eastern Mediterranean | 238.181.034 | LMIC | 4.690 | 15 | 100 | 1 | Yes |
Palau | 2006 | Western Pacific | 21.613 | HIC | 17.579 | 24 | 86 | 14 | Yes |
Papua New Guinea | 2012 | Western Pacific | 7.399.757 | LMIC | 4.355 | 13 | 43 | 15 | Yes |
Paraguay | 2011 | The Americas | 7.272.639 | UMIC | 12.685 | 18 | 86 | 12 | Yes |
Perù | 2015 | The Americas | 32.201.224 | UMIC | 12.848 | 22 | 100 | 8 | Yes |
Philippines | 2017 | Western Pacific | 110.818.325 | LMIC | 8.908 | 27 | 86 | 17 | Yes |
Poland | 2016 | Europe | 38.185.913 | HIC | 33.221 | 35 | 86 | 27 | Yes |
Republic of Kosovo | 2019 | Europe | 1.935.259 | UMIC | 11.368 | 16 | 79 | 8 | Yes |
Republic of Moldova | 2009 | Europe | 3.323.875 | LMIC | 13.050 | 25 | 86 | 15 | Yes |
Rwanda | 2010 | Africa | 12.943.132 | LIC | 2.227 | 16 | 86 | 6 | No |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2010 | The Americas | 101.145 | UMIC | 12.485 | 18 | 93 | 6 | Yes |
Senegal | 2018 | Africa | 16.082.442 | LMIC | 3.395 | 12 | 64 | 8 | No |
Serbia | 2010 | Europe | 6.974.289 | UMIC | 18.233 | 19 | 71 | 15 | Yes |
Seychelles | 2010 | Africa | 96.387 | HIC | 29.223 | 18 | 93 | 6 | Yes |
Slovakia | 2012 | Europe | 5.436.066 | HIC | 32.730 | 56 | 93 | 46 | Yes |
Slovenia | 2017 | Europe | 2.102.106 | HIC | 39.088 | 52 | 93 | 42 | Yes |
Solomon Island | 2017 | Western Pacific | 690.598 | LMIC | 2.663 | 10 | 71 | 4 | No |
Somalia | 2006 | Africa | 12.094.640 | LIC | 800 | 6 | 29 | 12 | No |
South Africa | 2019 | Africa | 56.978.635 | UMIC | 12.482 | 29 | 86 | 21 | No |
Sri Lanka | 2011 | South-East Asia | 23.044.123 | LMIC | 13.078 | 12 | 79 | 4 | Yes |
Sudan | 2011 | Eastern Mediterranean | 46.751.152 | LIC | 3.958 | 21 | 71 | 15 | Yes |
Suriname | 2011 | The Americas | 614.749 | UMIC | 16.525 | 18 | 86 | 12 | No |
Sweden | 2016 | Europe | 10.261.767 | HIC | 53.240 | 20 | 64 | 16 | Yes |
Syrian Arab Republic | 2017 | Eastern Mediterranean | 20.384.316 | LIC | 2.900 | 57 | 86 | 47 | Yes |
Tajikistan | 2009 | Europe | 8.990.874 | LIC | 3.380 | 10 | 57 | 8 | No |
Thailand | 2012 | South-East Asia | 69.480.520 | UMIC | 18.460 | 35 | 100 | 21 | Yes |
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia | 2010 | Europe | 2.083.272 | UMIC | 5.888 | 31 | 100 | 19 | Yes |
Togo | 2012 | Africa | 8.283.189 | LIC | 1.597 | 20 | 71 | 14 | Yes |
Tonga | 2007 | Western Pacific | 105.780 | UMIC | 6.383 | 18 | 79 | 10 | No |
Trinidad and Tobago | 2010 | The Americas | 1.221.047 | HIC | 26.176 | 31 | 93 | 19 | Yes |
Tunisia | 2012 | Eastern Mediterranean | 11.811.335 | LMIC | 10.756 | 46 | 93 | 38 | Yes |
Tuvalu | 2010 | Western Pacific | 11.448 | UMIC | 4.281 | 9 | 64 | 5 | No |
Uganda | 2016 | Africa | 44.712.143 | LIC | 2.187 | 19 | 86 | 9 | Yes |
Ukraine | 2010 | Europe | 43.745.640 | LMIC | 12.810 | 63 | 100 | 49 | Yes |
United Republic of Tanzania | 2018 | Africa | 62.092.761 | LMIC | 2.660 | 18 | 86 | 8 | Yes |
Uruguay | 2012 | The Americas | 3.398.239 | HIC | 21.561 | 37 | 93 | 27 | Yes |
Vanuatu | 2007 | Western Pacific | 303.009 | LMIC | 3.153 | 7 | 50 | 7 | No |
Venezuela | 2015 | The Americas | 29.069.153 | UMIC | 7.704 | 18 | 79 | 12 | Yes |
Vietnam | 2018 | Western Pacific | 102.789.598 | LMIC | 8.041 | 18 | 86 | 8 | Yes |
Yemen | 2019 | Eastern Mediterranean | 30.399.243 | LIC | 2.500 | 13 | 86 | 3 | Yes |
Zambia | 2011 | Africa | 19.077.816 | LMIC | 3.470 | 11 | 50 | 13 | No |
Zimbabwe | 2015 | Africa | 14.829.988 | LMIC | 2.836 | 22 | 79 | 14 | Yes |