Table 2 Translation and adaptation process for the Swedish version of Self-Efficacy to Manage Chronic Disease (SEMCD) Scale
Step | Description for SEMCD | |
|---|---|---|
1 | Preparations | The research group planned for the translation process and permission to use the SEMCD was obtained from its developer, professor K Lorig in March 2017 |
2 | Forward translation | Two independent professional translators carried out translations from English to Swedish |
3 | Reconciliation | The research group compared the two translations and reconciled them via discussion. There were some minor differences, which could be solved within the research group |
4 | Backward translation | Two new independent translators, one a professional translator and one a native English-speaking researcher, carried out backward translation from Swedish to English |
5 | Backward translation review | The research group reviewed the backward translations to ensure the conceptual equivalence of the translation of the Swedish version of the SEMCD |
6 | Harmonization | After the review of the backward translation, the research group concluded that there was a harmonized translation |
7 | Cognitive debriefing | The translated Swedish version of the SEMCD was tested with six respondents to assess the comprehensibility and conceptual understanding of the SEMCD. The respondents were all native Swedish speakers from the PT-cohort |
8 | Reviews of the cognitive debriefing results and finalization | The cognitive debriefing did not lead to any changes |
9 | Proof-reading | All members in the research group proofread the Swedish version of the SEMCD before it was dispatched to the patients included in this study |
10 | Final report | This paper is the final report of the translation process carried out for the translation of the SEMCD into Swedish |