Table 1 Cohort characteristics by cluster. Socio-demographic factors (sex, race, language, and insurance status (“government”, “commercial”, “other/none”)) were used to define patient clusters

n, total 1285

386

550

349

Age in years (mean (SD))

47.24 (14.40)

47.86 (16.46)

46.95 (14.77)

0.738

Sex n, (%)

 < 0.001

 Male

38 (9.8)

47 (8.5)

280 (80.2)

 Female

343 (88.9)

501 (91.1)

69 (19.8)

 Nonbinary

5 (1.3)

2 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

Race, n, (%)

 < 0.001

 Black/African American

26 (6.7)

0 (0.0)

71 (20.3)

 American Indian or Alaskan Native

1 (0.3)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.3)

 Asian

25 (6.5)

0 (0.0)

10 (2.9)

 Latino/a

88 (22.8)

1 (0.2)

44 (12.6)

 Other

2 (0.5)

11 (2.0)

8 (2.3)

 White

244 (63.2)

538 (97.8)

215 (61.6)

Non-Hispanic Ethnicity n, (%)

291 (81.5)

373 (98.4)

214 (86.3)

 < 0.001

Interpreter Utilization (%)

30 (78.9)

3 (2.9)

4 (8.3)

 < 0.001

Smoking status, n, %

0.078

 Current

11 (3.1)

20 (5.5)

11 (4.6)

 Former

66 (18.9)

88 (24.2)

41 (17.0)

 Never

273 (78.0)

256 (70.3)

189 (78.4)

Insurance status, n, (%)

 < 0.001

 Commercial

244 (63.2)

387 (70.4)

309 (88.5)

 Government

142 (36.8)

157 (28.5)

40 (11.5)

 None

0 (0.0)

6 (1.1)

0 (0.0)

ICU admission, n, (%)

16 (21.3)

22 (6.6)

37 (18.9)

 < 0.001