Table 1 Perceived importance of (risk) factors contributing to MAEs: descriptive statistics on 7-point Likert scale scores
|  | Mean ± SD | Median (P25-P75) |
|---|---|---|
Care professional-related factors | 5.26 ± 0.99‡ | 5.35 (4.57–5.89) |
 Problems in communication between caregivers | 5.74 ± 1.36 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Mental state/sleep deprivation/fatigue | 5.67 ± 1.18 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Notation errors in file | 5.46 ± 1.38 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Shortage of medication knowledge | 5.40 ± 1.36 | 6.00 (5.00–6.00) |
 Wrong reading of the file | 5.18 ± 1.39 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Shortage of work experience | 4.95 ± 1.41 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Insufficient information and/or knowledge about using the pump | 4.41 ± 1.63 | 4.00 (3.00–6.00) |
Medication-related factors | 5.17 ± 1.16¶ | 5.33 (4.33–6.00) |
 No or incorrect dosage/concentration on labels | 5.62 ± 1.45 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Large amount of medication | 5.02 ± 1.59 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Type of medication (effect) | 4.87 ± 1.74 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
Environmental factors—Intensive care-related factors | 5.00 ± 0.82†| 5.00 (4.44–5.53) |
 Patient-nurse ratio on the ward | 5.89 ± 1.43 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Frequent staff changes and frequent transfers of care | 5.80 ± 1.29 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Urgent admissions | 5.76 ± 1.37 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Deviation from protocols / hospital policy | 5.68 ± 1.20 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Multiple different caregivers working | 5.40 ± 1.34 | 5.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Complex environment | 5.40 ± 1.65 | 6.00 (4.00–7.00) |
 Use of new technologies and treatments | 5.16 ± 1.42 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Shifts: night shift | 5.09 ± 1.51 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Premature and nocturnal discharge | 4.32 ± 1.41 | 4.00 (4.00–5.00) |
 Insufficient supervision of the caregivers | 4.26 ± 1.61 | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) |
 Shifts: early shift | 3.75 ± 1.30 | 4.00 (3.00–4.00) |
 Shifts: late shift | 3.69 ± 1.32 | 4.00 (3.00–4.00) |
Patient-related factors | 4.53 ± 1.23§ | 4.67 (3.67–5.33) |
 Large number of treatments/interventions | 5.56 ± 1.65 | 6.00 (5.00–7.00) |
 Severity of the disease | 4.88 ± 1.91 | 5.00 (4.00–7.00) |
 Patient agitation | 4.43 ± 1.58 | 5.00 (3.00–5.00) |
 Lack of usual medication list (home medication) | 4.30 ± 1.69 | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) |
 Long-term hospitalizations | 4.19 ± 1.70 | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) |
 Sedation: patients unable to participate in care and defend themselves against mistakes | 3.80 ± 1.65 | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) |
Infusion pump-related factors | 4.21 ± 1.32 | 4.12 (3.50–5.12) |
 Problem in the pre-administration process | 4.79 ± 1.58 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Hoses/connections | 4.63 ± 1.62 | 5.00 (4.00–6.00) |
 Low user-friendliness | 4.51 ± 1.85 | 4.00 (3.00–6.00) |
 Snapping the correct syringe into the pump | 4.37 ± 1.90 | 4.00 (3.00–6.00) |
 Programming/choosing the right pump (software) | 4.32 ± 1.67 | 4.00 (3.00–6.00) |
 Infusion pump failure | 3.99 ± 1.68 | 4.00 (3.00–5.00) |
 Device maintenance | 3.64 ± 1.78 | 4.00 (2.00–5.00) |
 Insufficient presence of required characteristics of the pump | 3.45 ± 1.70 | 4.00 (2.00–4.00) |