Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by gender in adults in the northwest region of Morocco, urinary validation study, SSM 2017

Age, years

  18–49

50.9 (46.1–56.1)

44.6 (36.0–53.3)

54.4 (48.2–60.8)

  50–94

49.1 (43.9–53.9)

55.4 (46.7–64.0)

45.6 (39.2–51.8)

0.073^a

Education attainment

  Never been in school

53.6 (48.3–58.6)

50.0 (41.3–58.8)

55.6 (49.2–61.9)

   ≤ 9 y

31.7 (26.9–36.7)

29.4 (21.5–37.6)

32.9 (26.9–39.0)

   > 9 y

14.7 (11.1–18.3)

20.6 (13.8–28.1)

11.5 (7.6–15.8)

0.067

Geographic area

  Urban

69.5 (65.0–74.1)

63.2 (55.3–72.1)

72.6 (66.9–78.0)

  Rural

30.5 (25.9–35.0)

36.2 (27.9–44.7)

27.4 (22.0–33.1)

0.080

BMI

   < 18.5^c

-

-

-

  18.5–24.9

  25.0–29.9

31.8 (25.3–37.4)

37.7 (32.9–42.6)

48.4 (36.7–60.3)

36.2 (28.0–44.5)

22.8 (15.9–30.1)

38.6 (32.5–44.8)

   ≥ 30.0

30.5 (25.9–35.0)

15.4 (9.4–21.9)

38.6 (32.5–44.8)

 < 0.001

Salt reduction

4.0 (02.2–06.2)

0.8 (0.01–2.5)

5.8 (3.0–8.9)

0.019

Curent cigarette smoking

11.4 (8.3–14.7)

12.7 (7.0–18.8)

10.7 (7.0–14.9)

0.566

Current alcohol use

1.7 (0.3–3.3)

0.9 (0.01–2.7)

2.2 (0.5–4.5)

0.389

Hypertension

31.0 (26.4–35.6)

32.6 (24.6–40.7)

30.1 (24.4–36.2)

0.625

Diabetes

18.1 (13.9–22.6)

10.4 (4.9–16.7)

22.5 (16.8–28.5)

0.010

Drug use

  Antihypertensive

17.8 (13.9–21.9)

10.1 (5.1–15.5)

21.9 (16.8–27.4)

0.005

  Anticholesterol

1.1 (0.3–2.2)

0.8 (0.01–2.7)

1.3 (0.01–2.9)

0.689

  Antidiabetes

3.9 (2.0–6.2)

1.6 (1.2–0.01)

5.1 (2.5–8.1)

0.105

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Mean (SD)

Urinary measurements

  Creatinine (mg/day)

1096 (421)

1264 (465)

1005 (365)

 < 0.001^b

  Urine volume (ml/day)

1360 (600)

1280 (580)

1400 (620)

0.045