Table 3 Multivariable multilevel logistic regression model results of IPV in East Africa countries using recent demographic and health survey from 2012 to 2018
Variables | Null model | Model I (AOR, 95%CI) | Model II (AOR, 95%CI) | Model III (AOR, 95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age of the respondent | ||||
15–24 | 1 | 1 | ||
25–34 | 1.21 (1.06, 1.37) | 1.20 (1.06, 1.36) | ||
35–39 | 1.41 (1.25, 1.59) | 1.40 (1.24, 1.58) | ||
40–49 | 1.66 (1.43, 1.92) | 1.66 (1.43, 1.95) | ||
Women education | ||||
No formal education | 1.27 (1.16, 1.39 | 1.27 (1.16,1.39) | ||
Primary education | 1.08 (0.97, 1.22) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.20) | ||
Secondary education and above | 1 | 1 | ||
Women occupation | ||||
Working | 1 | |||
Not working | 1.355027 (1.26, 1.45) | 1.36 (1.27, 1.47) | ||
Husband education | ||||
No formal education | 1.10 (0.98, 1.21) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.21) | ||
Primary education | 1.02 (0.91, 1.13) | 1.03 (0.91, 1.13) | ||
Secondary education and above | 1 | |||
Husband drinks alcohol | ||||
Yes | 2.54 (2.39, 2.71) | 2.54 (2.39, 2.71) | ||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Spousal age gap | ||||
< 5 | 1.02 (0.95, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.96, 1.08) | ||
≥ 5 | 1 | |||
Sex of household head | ||||
Male | 1.10 (1.01, 1.20) | 1.10 (0.97, 1.17) | ||
Female | 1 | 1 | ||
Wealth index | ||||
Poorest | 1.43 (1.28, 1.61) | 1.51 (1.33, 1.71) | ||
Poorer | 1.33 (1.19, 1.48) | 1.40 (1.24, 1.58) | ||
Middle | 1.24 (1.12, 1.38 | 1.32 (1.17, 1.48) | ||
Richer | 1.22 (1.11, 1.36) | 1.26 (1.13, 1.40) | ||
Richest | 1 | |||
Number of living children | ||||
0 | 1 | 1 | ||
1–2 | 0.95 (0.70, 1.32) | 0.96 (0.69, 1.32) | ||
3–4 | 1.33 (0.96, 1.85) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.85) | ||
≥ 5 | 1.84 (1.31, 2.57) | 1.84 (1.31, 2.57) | ||
Media exposure | ||||
Yes | 1 | |||
No | 1.04 (0.96, 1.13) | |||
Resident | ||||
Rural | 1.17 (1.10, 1.25) | 1.14 (1.03, 1.25) | ||
Urban | 1 | 1 | ||
Community media exposure | ||||
Lower | 1 | 1 | ||
Higher | 1.03 (0.94, 1.12) | 1.03 (0.94, 1.13) | ||
Community-level poverty | ||||
Lower | 1.16 (1.07, 1.26) | 1 | ||
Higher | 1 | 1.08 (0.98, 1.19) | ||
Community-women education | ||||
Lower | 0.98 (0.91, 1.07) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.14) | ||
Higher | 1 | 1 | ||
Country | ||||
Burundi | 4.60 (2.21, 6.17) | 3.12 (2.11, 3.96) | ||
Ethiopia | 1.71 (0.96, 2.91) | 1.26 (0.91, 1.87) | ||
Kenya | 2.78 (1.39, 3.58) | 1.67 (0.89, 2.32) | ||
Mali | 3.54 (2.02, 4.52) | 2.65 (1.93, 3.97) | ||
Rwanda | 2.11 (1.49, 3.24) | 1.41 (0.97, 2.16) | ||
Tanzania | 3.59 (2.08, 4.59) | 2.43 (1.71, 3.91) | ||
Uganda | 4.12 (2.76, 5.59) | 2.87 (1.92, 4.12) | ||
Zambia | 2.85 (1.27, 3.36) | 1.89 (1.12, 2.79) | ||
Zimbabwe | 2.48 (1.98, 3.45) | 1.39 (0.92, 2.18) | ||
Comoros | 1 | 1 | ||
Model Comparison and random effect | ||||
ICC | 0.44 (0.34, 0.55) | 0.41 (0.32, 0.54) | 0.43 (0.34, 0.55) | 0.39 (0.31,0.47) |
Log-likelihood | -15412.85 | -12557.38 | -15392.07 | -12552.55 |
Deviance | 30825.70 | 25114.76 | 30784.14 | 25105.1 |