Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to different smoking patterns (N = 1,1248): result from a cross-sectional study of the United States NHANES 2015–2018
No smoking | C-cigarette only | E-cigarette only | Dual use | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BMI, mean (SE) | 29.67 (0.19) | 28.84 (0.25) | 28.64 (0.76) | 29.28 (0.59) | 0.02 |
Age, mean (SE) | 48.52 (0.41) | 45.03 (0.59) | 30.64 (1.36) | 39.78 (1.19) | < 0.0001 |
Sex (N, Weighted %) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Female | 4889 (82.66) | 701 (12.77) | 106 (1.92) | 132 (2.66) | |
Male | 4070 (76.40) | 1017 (16.08) | 158 (3.55) | 175 (3.97) | |
Ethnicity (N, Weighted %) | 0.002 | ||||
White | 2849 (79.44) | 643 (14.32) | 98 (2.74) | 143 (3.50) | |
Black | 1860 (75.06) | 521 (19.67) | 59 (2.64) | 62 (2.62) | |
Mexican | 1488 (82.08) | 199 (12.20) | 45 (3.50) | 33 (2.21) | |
Other | 2762 (82.18) | 355 (12.09) | 62 (2.20) | 69 (3.53) | |
Marital (N, Weighted %) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 3212 (73.42) | 845 (18.63) | 117 (4.12) | 142 (3.83) | |
Yes | 5314 (83.31) | 851 (12.35) | 86 (1.42) | 146 (2.92) | |
Education (N, Weighted %) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Less than high school | 1923 (72.38) | 457 (19.58) | 31 (1.65) | 89 (6.40) | |
High school | 1979 (71.23) | 519 (20.11) | 103 (4.83) | 83 (3.84) | |
More than high school | 5046 (84.54) | 741 (10.96) | 130 (2.09) | 135 (2.41) | |
Annual family income (N, Weighted %) | < 0.0001 | ||||
<=20,000 | 6588 (82.58) | 1008 (12.06) | 182 (2.54) | 188 (2.81) | |
>20,000 | 1672 (65.43) | 565 (25.72) | 59 (2.98) | 98 (5.87) | |
Drink (N, Weighted %) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 2168 (89.23) | 185 (8.16) | 26 (1.24) | 26 (1.37) | |
Mild | 2877 (87.57) | 412 (8.60) | 59 (1.77) | 71 (2.06) | |
Moderate | 1165 (76.81) | 284 (16.02) | 62 (4.32) | 49 (2.85) | |
Heavy | 1110 (59.24) | 540 (27.27) | 91 (5.27) | 132 (8.22) | |
Obstructive sleep apnea (N, Weighted %) | < 0.0001 | ||||
No | 6271 (81.23) | 1096 (13.16) | 187 (2.90) | 170 (2.71) | |
Yes | 2688 (76.19) | 622 (16.98) | 77 (2.29) | 137 (4.54) |