Table 3 Graded Response Model results of the 42-item Frailty Index, including thresholds (difficulty) and slopes (discrimination parameter)

beta.1

beta.2

beta.3

beta.4

beta

In general, how would you rate your own health?

-3.190

0.856

3.882

6.487

1.571

Do you have one or more chronic conditions?

0.091

0.805

Are you limited in activities because of your health?

-0.046

3.382

1.412

Are you able to follow conversation with three or more?

0.777

2.705

3.965

0.735

Are you able to have conversation with one person?

2.887

5.008

6.153

1.116

Are you able to read small letters?

1.443

3.012

3.789

0.872

Are you able to recognize face?

2.517

3.965

4.769

1.026

Are you able to carry 5 kg?

1.251

2.597

3.259

1.504

Are you able to bend and lift?

1.274

3.029

4.435

1.404

Are you able to walk for 400 m?

1.549

2.671

3.282

1.476

Body Mass Index (BMI)

0.384

1.177

0.283

Adherence to guideline: minutes per week spent on moderate physical activity

-0.281

0.530

Adherence to guideline: bone and muscle strengthening activities

1.028

0.456

Adherence to guideline: balance exercises

-2.523

0.089

Psychological Domain

Thresholds

Slope

beta.1

beta.2

beta.3

beta.4

beta

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel very tired without clear cause?

-0.982

1.061

3.028

4.911

1.734

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel nervous?

0.570

1.713

4.167

6.185

1.488

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel so nervous that you could not calm down?

1.232

2.911

5.257

7.298

1.766

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel hopeless?

2.046

4.006

6.678

8.546

2.583

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel restless?

-0.220

2.407

4.835

6.860

1.714

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel so restless that you could not sit still?

1.506

3.161

5.270

7.168

1.578

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel sad or depressed?

0.623

2.986

5.569

7.556

2.041

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel everything is an effort?

-0.158

2.514

4.502

6.549

2.355

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel so sad that nothing helped?

2.238

4.283

6.986

9.116

2.626

How often in the past 4 weeks did you feel useless?

2.022

3.628

5.631

7.225

1.952

I feel I have little control over things that happen to me

-1.297

1.046

2.282

4.093

1.610

I feel there is no way I can solve some of my problems

-1.255

1.193

2.225

4.240

1.831

There is little I can do to change important things in my life

-1.515

1.006

2.176

4.429

1.838

I often feel helpless in dealing with problems of life

-1.036

1.990

3.564

5.862

2.220

I sometimes feel I am being pushed around in life

-0.483

2.083

3.426

5.366

1.734

What happens to me in the future mostly depends on me

-1.824

-0.174

0.822

2.037

0.241

I can do about anything if I set my mind to it

-2.046

0.087

1.273

2.642

0.736

Social Domain

Thresholds

Slope

beta.1

beta.2

beta

Can you talk about daily problems

0.915

2.722

0.620

Do you have people to lean on when having problems

0.886

2.671

0.693

There are many people I can trust

0.020

1.992

0.552

I have enough people I feel close to

0.758

2.475

0.653

I can rely on friends when I need them

0.683

2.551

0.747

I miss a really close friend

1.485

2.777

0.992

I experience emptiness

1.923

3.599

1.444

I miss the pleasure of company

1.633

3.426

1.340

My circle of friends is too limited

1.075

2.618

0.963

I miss having people around

1.660

3.322

1.246

I often feel rejected

2.720

4.450

1.568