Table 1 Demographics and Clinical Characteristics by Race/Ethnicity for Patients in the Observational Cohort from Northern California, 2015-2020
Non-Hispanic White | Hispanic, Any Race | Non-Hispanic, Asian | Non-Hispanic, Black | Non-Hispanic, Other | All Patients | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N=28,586 | N=16,846 | N=7,819 | N=3,850 | N=4,463 | N=61,564 | |
Sex, n (%) | ||||||
Male | 4,974 (17.4%) | 2,143 (12.7%) | 793 (10.1%) | 317 (8.2%) | 637 (14.3%) | 8,864 (14.4%) |
Female | 23,612 (82.6%) | 14,703 (87.3%) | 7,026 (89.9%) | 3,533 (91.8%) | 3,825 (85.7%) | 52,699 (85.6%) |
Missing | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | 1 (0.0%) |
Mean Age, Years (SD) | 45.4 (16.9) | 36.1 (12.8) | 41.0 (14.0) | 37.9 (14.7) | 38.4 (14.0) | 41.3 (15.7) |
Mean BMI, kg/m 2 (SD) | 30.4 (6.8) | 32.6 (6.9) | 27.9 (5.3) | 33.9 (8.0) | 31.4 (7.2) | 31.0 (7.0) |
Current smoker, n (%) | 2,399 (8.4%) | 756 (4.5) | 214 (2.7%) | 443 (11.5%) | 318 (7.1%) | 4,130 (6.7%) |
ASA Physical Status, n (%) | ||||||
Healthy | 3,696 (12.9%) | 2,092 (12.4%) | 1,297 (16.6%) | 235 (6.1%) | 586 (13.1%) | 7,906 (12.8%) |
Mild Systemic Disease | 17,236 (60.3%) | 10,204 (60.6%) | 5,120 (65.5%) | 2,152 (55.9%) | 2,735 (61.3%) | 37,447 (60.8%) |
Severe Systemic Disease | 6,163 (21.6%) | 3,672 (21.8%) | 978 (12.5%) | 1,264 (32.8%) | 913 (20.5%) | 12,990 (21.1%) |
Incapacitating Disease/Moribund | 240 (0.8%) | 96 (0.6%) | 34 (0.4%) | 38 (1.0%) | 24 (0.5%) | 432 (0.7%) |
Missing | 1,251 (4.4%) | 782 (4.6%) | 390 (5.0%) | 161 (4.2%) | 205 (4.6%) | 2,789 (4.5%) |
Diabetes, n (%) | 1,753 (6.1%) | 1,287 (7.6%) | 660 (8.4%) | 359 (9.3%) | 347 (7.8%) | 4,406 (7.2%) |
Pain Condition, n (%) | 13,553 (47.4%) | 4,521 (26.8%) | 1,906 (24.4%) | 1,210 (31.4%) | 1,380 (30.9%) | 22,570 (36.7%) |
Procedure Length, n (%) | ||||||
<1 h | 20,103 (70.3%) | 12,437 (73.8%) | 5,805 (74.2%) | 2,668 (69.3%) | 3,283 (73.6%) | 44,296 (72.0%) |
1 to 2 h | 6,496 (22.7%) | 3,348 (19.9%) | 1,433 (18.3%) | 812 (21.1%) | 861 (19.3%) | 12,950 (21.0%) |
>2 to 3 h | 1,088 (3.8%) | 466 (2.8%) | 215 (2.7%) | 153 (4.0%) | 126 (2.8%) | 2,048 (3.3%) |
>3 h | 421 (1.5%) | 191 (1.1%) | 102 (1.3%) | 104 (2.7%) | 56 (1.3%) | 874 (1.4%) |
Missing | 478 (1.7%) | 404 (2.4%) | 264 (3.4%) | 113 (2.9%) | 137 (3.1%) | 1,396 (2.3%) |
Median Length of Stay, Days (IQR) | 1.5 (0.3-3.3) | 2.4 (0.8-3.6) | 3.1 (0.8-4.2) | 3.0 (1.0-4.2) | 2.4 (0.5-4.0) | 2.2 (0.3-3.7) |
Opioid Rx Prior to Admission, n (%) | 5,688 (19.9) | 2,698 (16.0) | 609 (7.8) | 742 (19.3) | 631 (14.1) | 10,368 (16.8) |
Prior Chronic Opioid Use, n (%) | 1,321 (4.6%) | 649 (3.9%) | 142 (1.8%) | 197 (5.1%) | 139 (3.1%) | 2,448 (4.0%) |
Opioid Rx Prior to Discharge, n (%) | 26,011 (91.0%) | 15,187 (90.2%) | 6,676 (85.4%) | 3,369 (87.5%) | 3,899 (87.4%) | 55,142 (89.6%) |
Concurrent benzodiazepine, n (%) | 249 (0.9%) | 41 (0.2%) | 18 (0.2%) | 13 (0.3%) | 16 (0.4%) | 337 (0.6%) |
Procedure, n (%) | ||||||
Knee Arthroscopy | 1,754 (6.1%) | 515 (3.1%) | 97 (1.2%) | 104 (2.7%) | 176 (3.9%) | 2,646 (4.3%) |
Total Knee Arthroplasty | 1,358 (4.8%) | 190 (1.1%) | 115 (1.5%) | 70 (1.8%) | 80 (1.8%) | 1,813 (2.9%) |
Lumpectomy +/- SLNB | 3,236 (11.3%) | 697 (4.1%) | 998 (12.8%) | 394 (10.2%) | 293 (6.6%) | 5,618 (9.1%) |
Lap. Cholecystectomy/Appendectomy | 8,959 (31.3%) | 5,299 (31.5%) | 1,713 (21.9%) | 770 (20.0%) | 1,245 (27.9%) | 17,986 (29.2%) |
MIS Gynecological Procedures | 3,505 (12.3%) | 1,781 (10.6%) | 562 (7.2%) | 455 (11.8%) | 496 (11.1%) | 6,799 (11.0%) |
Cesarean Delivery | 9,774 (34.2%) | 8,364 (49.6%) | 4,334 (55.4%) | 2,057 (53.4%) | 2,173 (48.7%) | 26,702 (43.4%) |
Case Type, n (%) | ||||||
Elective | 16,882 (59.1%) | 8,575 (50.9%) | 4,331 (55.4%) | 2,027 (52.6%) | 2,328 (52.2%) | 34,143 (55.5%) |
Emergent | 2,961 (10.4%) | 2,517 (14.9%) | 945 (12.1%) | 585 (15.2%) | 618 (13.8%) | 7,626 (12.4%) |
Urgent/Trauma | 4,817 (16.9%) | 3,627 (21.5%) | 1,635 (20.9%) | 865 (22.5%) | 1,032 (23.1%) | 11,976 (19.5%) |
Missing | 3,926 (13.7%) | 2,127 (12.6%) | 908 (11.6%) | 373 (9.7%) | 485 (10.9%) | 7,819 (12.7%) |
Median Month-Year, Quarter (IQR) | 11.0 (6.0-16.0) | 11.0 (6.0-16.0) | 11.0 (7.0-16.0) | 11.0 (7.0-16.0) | 12.0 (7.0-16.0) | 11.0 (6.0-16.0) |