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Table 2 Multilevel logistics regression model for individual and household/community-level factors associated with long-acting reversible contraceptive use among sexcually active women of reproductive age in Nigeria

From: Spatial distribution and multilevel analysis of factors associated with long-acting reversible contraceptive use among sexually active women of reproductive age in Nigeria

Variables

Model 0

Model I

AOR [95%CL]

Model II

AOR [95%CL]

Model III

AOR [95%CL]

Age

    

15–24

 

1

 

1

25–34

 

0.85(0.61–1.18)

 

0.84(0.61–1.18)

35 and above

 

0.87(0.59–1.27)

 

0.86(0.59–1.26)

Working status

    

Yes

 

1.28(1.00-1.64)

 

1.28(1.00-1.63)

No

 

1

 

1

Marital status

    

Never married

 

1

 

1

Currently married

 

1.08(0.69–1.68)

 

0.98(0.63–1.52)

Pregnancy termination

    

Yes

 

0.63(0.49–0.81) **

 

0.62(0.48–0.80) **

No

 

1

 

1

Educational level

    

No formal education

 

1

 

1

Primary education

 

1.37(0.99–1.90)

 

1.37(0.99–1.90)

Secondary education & above

 

1.59(1.16–2.18) **

 

1.63(1.17–2.26) **

Husband education level

    

No Education

 

1

 

1

Primary

 

0.94(0.64–1.38)

 

0.95(0.65–1.39)

Secondary education & above

 

1.03(0.73–1.46)

 

1.00(0.71–1.41)

Total children ever born

    

No child

 

1

 

1

1–2 children

 

9.66(1.18–78.7)

 

9.47(1.17–76.5)

3–4 children

 

13.2(1.61–108.6)

 

12.7(1.56–103.8)

5 & above children

 

15.4(1.86–127.5)

 

14.8(1.80-121.8)

visited health facility last 12 months

    

no

 

1

 

1

yes

 

1.12(0.93 1.33)

 

1.08(0.90–1.29)

fertility preference

    

want more

 

1

 

1

Undecided

 

1.46(1.01–2.09)

 

1.48(1.04–2.12)

want no more

 

1.62(1.29–2.05) **

 

1.65(1.30–2.08) **

Media

    

No

 

1

 

1

Yes

 

1.07(0.83–1.38)

 

1.11(0.85–1.44)

Religion

    

Christianity

 

1

 

1

Islam

 

0.84(0.65–1.09)

 

0.74(0.57–0.97)

Traditionalist & Others

 

1.65(0.36–7.57)

 

2.50(0.56–10.9)

Ethnicity

    

Hausa

 

1

 

1

Yoruba

 

0.67(0.46–0.97)

 

1.14(0.70–1.87)

Igbo

 

0.34(0.22–0.52) **

 

0.97(0.56–1.69)

Others

 

0.79(0.56–1.11)

 

1.27(0.86–1.89)

Household/Community level

    

Residence

    

Urban

  

1

1

Rural

  

0.82(0.64–1.04)

0.77(0.60–0.98)

Wealth index

    

Poorest

  

1

1

Poorer

  

0.97(0.65–1.45)

0.89(0.59–1.34)

Average

  

1.05(0.71–1.57)

0.97(0.64–1.47)

Richer

  

1.05(0.69–1.60)

0.99(0.63–1.55)

Richest

  

1.08(0.67–1.74)

1.00(0.60–1.67)

Geopolitical Zone

    

North-Central

  

1

1

North-East

  

0.52(0.37–0.75) **

0.71(0.49–1.03)

North-West

  

1.21(0.86–1.69)

2.07(1.36–3.16) **

South-East

  

0.33(0.22–0.47) **

0.32(0.19–0.53) **

South-South

  

0.63(0.44–0.90)

0.56(0.38–0.81) **

South-West

  

0.66(0.49–0.90) **

0.68(0.46-1.00)

Sex of household head

    

Male

  

1

1

Female

  

0.92(0.65–1.30)

0.97(0.68–1.37)

Community literacy level

    

Low

  

1

1

Medium

  

1.12(0.86–1.47)

0.99(0.75–1.31)

High

  

1.21(0.90–1.64)

1.05(0.76–1.44)

Community socioeconomic status

    

Low

  

1

1

Medium

  

0.86(0.63–1.16)

0.84(0.62–1.14)

High

  

0.64(0.44–0.94)

0.66(0.45–0.97) *

PSU Variance (95% CI)

0.96[0.70–1.32]

0.84[0.59–1.19]

0.71[0.49–1.04]

0.67[0.45–0.99]

ICC

0.23

0.20

0.18

0.17

LR Test

χ2 = 108.17 p < 0.001

χ2 = 80.24, p < 0.001

χ2 = 62.96, p < 0.001

χ2 = 53.19, p < 0.001

Wald χ2

Reference

114.52***

62.79***

165.05***

Model fitness

    

Log-likelihood

-2075.31

-2010.97

-2044.33

-1982.74

AIC

4154.62

4067.93

4122.66

4041.48

Number of clusters

1042

1042

1042

1042

  1. Weighted NDHS, 2018
  2. Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets; AOR = adjusted Odds Ratios; CI = Confidence Interval; RC = Reference Category
  3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
  4. PSU = Primary Sampling Unit; ICC = Intra-Class Correlation; LR Test = Likelihood ratio Test; AIC = Akaike’s Information Criterion
  5. Model 0 is the null model, a baseline model without any determinant variable
  6. Model I include individual-level variables (Age of respondent, working status, marital status, educational level, husband educational level, total children ever born, visited health facility last 12 months, fertility preference, media, religious, ethnicity)
  7. Model II include household/community level variables (Place of residence, wealth index, region, sex of household head, community literacy level, and community socioeconomic status)
  8. Model III the final model included both individual and household/community level variables
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