Table 1 The characteristics of the included trials in the effectiveness of smoking cessation on the high-risk population of lung cancer with early screening: a systematic review and meta analysis until January, 2022

Study and setting

Sample (T/C)

Age (yr) (T/C)

Gender M/F (T/C)

Fagestrom test

pack-years

eCO (ppm value)

T

C

T

C

T

C

Buttery et al., 2022, England [26]

65/50

62.58 ± 6.09/

61.68 ± 5.53

T:35/30

C:24/26

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

NR

Tremblay et al., 2019 & 2021, Canada [27, 29]

171/174

62.0 ± 5.6/

61.9 ± 5.2

T:73/98

C:86/88

5.0(4.0–7.0)^d

5.5(4.0–7.0)^d

42.3(14.1)^c

44.0(15.1)^c

NR

NR

Masiero & Lucchiari et al., 2020, Italy [28, 30]

T1 = 70/

T2 = 70/

C = 70

62.8 ± 4.587

140/70

T1:4.5(1.788)^c

T2:4.4(1.878)^c

4.1(1.954)^c

NR

NR

T1: 15.2(5.275)^c

T2:14.6(5.942)^c

14.6(6.993)^c

Taylor et al., 2017, America [31]

46/46

60.4 ± 5.1/

60.1 ± 5.7

T:21/25

C:19/27

4.1(1.9)^c

4.6(2.0)^c

43.8(23.7)^c

50.3(20.4)^c

NR

NR

Marshall et al., 2016, Australia [32]

28/27

63.0 ± 6.0/

63.0 ± 5.0

T:18/10

C:17/10

6.0(4)^d

6.0(3)^d

57.5(28)^d

57.5(32)^d

NR

NR

Clark et al., 2004, America [33]

85/86

57.8 ± 5.2/

57.0 ± 5.3

T:46/39

C:41/45

56/85^a

29/85^b

51/86^a

35/86^b

NR

NR

NR

NR

Study and setting

Intervention

Degree of intervention

Duration of intervention

Outcome/Scale

Adverse events

Follow-up time (M)

T

C

Buttery et al., 2022, England [26]

individualized intervention

SC

NR

NR

7-day-point prevalence/PRO

NR

3

Tremblay et al., 2019 & 2021, Canada [27, 29]

individualized intervention

SC

NR

NR

7-day-point prevalence/PRO

continuous smoking abstinence/PRO, BV

NAE

24

Masiero & Lucchiari et al., 2020, Italy [28, 30]

T1:E-cigarettes

 + LITC

T2:Placebo + LITC

LITC

NR

12 W

continuous smoking abstinence/BV

Yes

6

Taylor et al., 2017, America [31]

individualized intervention

SC

15–20

Min/each

6 W

7-day-point prevalence/PRO, BV

NAE

3

Marshall et al., 2016, Australia [32]

individualized intervention

SC

NR

NR

7-day-point prevalence/PRO

NAE

12

Clark et al., 2004, America [33]

network resource

SC

NR

NR

7-day-point prevalence/PRO

continuous smoking abstinence/PRO

NAE

12