Table 1 Binary logistic regression models of the relationship between multiple high-risk fertility behaviors and under-five survival status among ever-married women of reproductive age in Nigeria

No

ref

Yes

1.95 [1.35–2.82] ***

1.48 [1.02–2.17] **

Highest Level of Education

No Education

ref

Primary

1.17 [0.90–1.51]

Secondary

1.15 [0.86–1.53]

Higher

1.34 [0.81–2.22]

Household Wealth Index

Poorest

ref

Poorer

1.06 [0.81–1.39]

Middle

0.93 [0.68–1.28]

Richer

0.88 [0.62–1.26]

Richest

0.64 [[0.41–1.01] **

Age at first Marriage

< 18

ref

18+

1.07 [0.86–1.33]

Type of Marriage

Monogamy

ref

Polygamy

1.35 [1.10–1.65] ***

Partner’s Highest Level of Education

No Education

ref

Primary

0.92 [0.68–1.25]

Secondary

0.73 [0.56–0.94] **

Higher

0.74 [0.51–1.07]

Religion

Christianity

ref

Islam

1.11 [0.85–1.44]

Others

0.20 [0.03–1.21]

Level of Exposure to Mass Media

No Exposure

ref

Low Exposure

1.14 [0.92–1.43]

High Exposure

1.12 [0.81–1.55]

Sex of Child

Male

ref

Female

0.84 [0.70–1.01] **

Type of Place of Residence

Urban

ref

Rural

0.91 [0.71–1.16]

Sex of Household Head

Male

ref

Female

1.23 [0.89–1.70]

Region

North Central

North East

1.21 [0.86–1.69]

North West

1.23 [0.90–1.69]

South East

1.08 [0.73–1.61]

South South

1.08 [0.72–1.63]

South West

0.76 [0.51–1.13]

Antenatal Care Visits

None

ref

1–3

0.91 [0.70–1.20]

4+

0.84 [0.67–1.06]

Postnatal Care for Child

No

ref

Yes

0.59 [0.46–0.76] ***