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Table 8 Traditional Markov dynamic transformation probability matrix of the HSE in China from 2010 to 2020

From: Measurement and characteristics of the temporal-spatial evolution of China’s healthcare services efficiency

t/t + 1

N

I

II

III

IV

 < 25%

25%–50%

50%–75%

 > 75%

I

80

0.938

0.063

0.000

0.000

II

77

0.000

0.896

0.104

0.000

III

77

0.000

0.000

0.948

0.052

IV

76

0.000

0.000

0.000

1.000

  1. I, II, III, and IV represent the four groups of the low level, medium–low level, medium–high level, and high level, respectively; N is the number of samples