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Table 5 Comparisons of the 4 different design posters in the Survey2

From: Effectiveness of using humor appeal in health promotion materials: evidence from an experimental study in Japan

 

Loss-framed non-humorous

Loss-framed humorous

Gain-framed non-humorous

Gain-framed humorous

 

p

 

Tone (T)

Frame (F)

F × T

【Smoking cessation】

 Humor perception

2.30 (0.90)

2.53 (0.97)

2.33 (0.99)

2.55 (1.00)

0.001

0.770

0.942

 Comprehensibility

3.50 (1.04)

3.49 (1.01)

3.58 (1.01)

3.28 (1.02)

0.027

0.367

0.045

 Overall score

0.02 (1.43)

-0.07 (1.25)

-0.01 (1.40)

-0.55 (1.37)

0.001

0.009

0.020

  Persuasiveness

2.95 (0.84)

2.85 (0.82)

2.86 (0.87)

2.49 (0.84)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.020

  Resistance

2.93 (0.86)

2.92 (0.71)

2.87 (0.82)

3.03 (0.86)

0.197

0.667

0.143

【Physical activity】

 Humor perception

2.41 (0.93)

2.69 (1.01)

2.62 (0.97)

3.06 (0.98)

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.231

 Comprehensibility

3.72 (0.94)

3.37 (1.03)

3.64 (1.01)

3.47 (1.03)

 < 0.001

0.859

0.215

 Overall score

0.65 (1.33)

0.12 (1.42)

0.67 (1.35)

0.36 (1.50)

 < 0.001

0.171

0.262

  Persuasiveness

3.14 (0.75)

2.90 (0.90)

3.13 (0.80)

2.92 (0.89)

 < 0.001

0.997

0.856

  Resistance

2.49 (0.82)

2.79 (0.86)

2.45 (0.80)

2.55 (0.86)

 < 0.001

0.022

0.090

  1. Values are mean (SD)
  2. Humor perception was determined as the average of funny and amusing scores, which were rated on a scale of 1 (not at all) to 5 (extremely)
  3. Comprehensibility was rated on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree)
  4. Overall score was the difference between persuasiveness and resistance scores, which were calculated as the average of the scale items scored on a 1-to-5 point Likert scale