Changes in emergency department visits and mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective analysis of 956 hospitals

Table 3 Non-COVID-19 risk of emergency department mortality (per 1,000 visit-month) and Relative Risk (RR) of COVID-19 pandemic periods compared to the pre-pandemic baseline

	Pre-pandemic Sep 2019-Feb 2020	First Wave Feb-Apr 2020					Post-pandemic Sep 2020-Feb 2021					Post-vaccination Sep 2021-Feb 2022
	Risk (Reference)	Risk	RR	Confidence Interval		p-value	Risk	RR	Confidence Interval		p-value	Risk	RR	Confidence Interval		p-value
Total	8.17	12.80	1.57	1.49	1.65	< 0.01	13.53	1.66	1.59	1.72	< 0.01	10.38	1.27	1.22	1.32	< 0.01
Age Group
< 18	2.47	4.54	1.84	1.45	2.34	< 0.01	4.12	1.67	1.39	2.01	< 0.01	3.65	1.48	1.25	1.76	< 0.01
18–44	2.12	3.12	1.48	1.24	1.76	< 0.01	3.87	1.83	1.61	2.08	< 0.01	3.15	1.49	1.32	1.68	< 0.01
45–64	7.67	12.51	1.63	1.47	1.81	< 0.01	12.70	1.65	1.53	1.79	< 0.01	10.19	1.33	1.23	1.43	< 0.01
> 64	20.42	32.47	1.59	1.49	1.70	< 0.01	31.76	1.56	1.48	1.63	< 0.01	24.84	1.22	1.16	1.28	< 0.01
Gender
Female	6.86	11.17	1.63	1.50	1.77	< 0.01	11.06	1.61	1.52	1.71	< 0.01	8.33	1.21	1.14	1.29	< 0.01
Male	9.44	14.25	1.51	1.41	1.62	< 0.01	15.83	1.68	1.59	1.76	< 0.01	12.37	1.31	1.25	1.38	< 0.01

ISSN: 2049-3258