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Table 3 The distribution of LS across FAS groups and associations between FAS and LS in each Nordic country, 2002–2018

From: Socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent mental health in the Nordic countries in the 2000s - A study using cross-sectional data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study

Year

Sweden

Norway

Finland

 

Denmark

 

Iceland

Descriptive statistics

Mean

n

Mean

n

Mean

n

Mean

n

Mean

n

2002

Low FAS

6.7mh

288

6.4mh

249

7.1mh

302

7.5h

259

  
 

Medium FAS

7.2l

713

7.1l

965

7.6lh

1045

7.6

809

  
 

High FAS (ref)

7.2

196

7.3

383

8.0

353

7.9

264

  
 

Total

7.1

1204

7.0

1609

7.6

1729

7.7

1349

  

2006

Low FAS

7.0h

257

7.0mh

307

7.4h

214

7.3h

268

6.9mh

336

 

Medium FAS

7.3h

884

7.6l

947

7.6

1095

7.6

862

7.5lh

1147

 

High FAS (ref)

7.6

338

7.6

234

7.8

317

7.8

331

7.9

286

 

Total

7.3

1502

7.5

1503

7.6

1660

7.6

1524

7.4

1849

2010

Low FAS

6.9h

395

6.7mh

225

7.2mh

348

6.9mh

242

6.7mh

513

 

Medium FAS

7.1h

1054

7.5l

754

7.5lh

1294

7.6l

804

7.6lh

2247

 

High FAS (ref)

7.5

515

7.8

324

7.9

393

7.6

150

7.9

807

 

Total

7.2

2024

7.4

1314

7.5

2089

7.5

1220

7.5

3630

2014

Low FAS

6.4mh

433

7.3h

140

7.1mh

261

7.0mh

193

7.2mh

755

 

Medium FAS

6.8lh

1483

7.5

597

7.5lh

1262

7.4l

843

7.5lh

1544

 

High FAS (ref)

7.1

669

7.8

159

7.8

393

7.6

170

7.8

657

 

Total

6.8

2679

7.5

910

7.5

1960

7.4

1263

7.5

3275

2018

Low FAS

6.6mh

215

6.9mh

112

7.4

221

7.1mh

164

6.9mh

320

 

Medium FAS

7.1lh

1070

7.5l

426

7.5

597

7.6l

408

7.2lh

1300

 

High FAS (ref)

7.5

225

8.0

110

7.7

190

7.9

125

7.6

506

 

Total

7.1

1546

7.5

665

7.5

1061

7.5

762

7.3

2172

Linear regressions

B

95% C.I.

B

95% C.I.

B

95% C.I.

B

95% C.I.

B

95% C.I.

 

FAS II (0–9)

0.16***

0.14 to 0.18

0.20***

0.17 to 0.23

0.12***

0.10 to 0.14

0.12***

0.09 to 0.14

0.21***

0.19 to 0.24

 

Survey year

-0.03***

-0.03 to -0.02

0.02***

0.01 to 0.03

-0.02***

-0.03 to -0.01

-0.03***

-0.03 to -0.02

-0.01

-0.02 to 0.00

 

Girl

-0.69***

-0.76 to -0.61

-0.50***

-0.60 to -0.41

-0.35***

-0.42 to -0.28

-0.49***

-0.58 to -0.41

-0.36***

-0.43 to -0.29

 

Adjusted R

0.055

 

0.051

 

0.037

 

0.026

 

0.041

 
 

F

170.8

 

108.4

 

77.1

 

76.3

 

149.5

 
  1. In the descriptive statistics: Significant (p < 0.05) test results between FAS groups: l= compared to the low FAS group m=compared to the medium FAS group. h=compared to the high FAS group.
  2. In the regression models: * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 ***p < 0.001. P-values adjusted for multiple testing.