Table 2 Characteristics of the studies included in the qualitative systematic review of factors influencing participation in personalized breast cancer screening, until March 2022

[28] UK; National Health Service Breast Screening Program

Explore prospective acceptability of possible risk-stratified breast screening (RSBS) scenarios in which screening frequency, age-range of eligibility and number of risk groups might vary.

25 women participants in screening with and without a family BC history

Qualitative

Intentional

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

No

[23] UK; National Health Service Breast Screening Program

To elicit the views of women at low-risk about receiving this information, and their acceptability of less frequent breast cancer screening invites.

23 women at low-risk for breast cancer

Qualitative

Intentional

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

BC-Predict

[38] Australia; The state breast screening program in Victoria and Parkville Family Cancer Center

To determine the acceptability of a to assign personalized BC risk assessments compared to standard current

31 women with and without a family history of breast cancer

Qualitative

Intentional

Focus groups interviews Questionnaire Thematic analysis

No

[22] UK; Areas of East Lancashire, London

To explore the views women and assess the acceptability have toward the implementation of risk stratified screening

19 British-Pakistani women from low socioeconomic

Qualitative

Intentional

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

BC-Predict

[24] Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden;  Studies on personalized screening: PRISMA, PROCAS and KARMA

To explore women’s perceptions of the implementation and organization of risk-based breast cancer screening and prevention.

143 women participating in three prospective cohort studies of personalized breast cancer screening

Qualitative

Intentional

Focus groups Questionnaire Thematic analysis

PRISMA, PROCAS and KARMA

[25] Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and Sweden;  Studies on personalized screening: PRISMA, PROCAS and KARMA

To evaluate the adoption of risk‐based breast cancer screening and prevention by exploring perceptions of women.

143 women participating in three prospective cohort studies of personalized breast cancer screening

Qualitative

Intentional

Focus groups Thematic analysis

PRISMA, PROCAS and KARMA

[29] Australia; Victoria, LifePool cohort women

To explore breast screening participants’ views of the current program and examine their openness to change, and attitudes toward an individualized screening model.

52 women participants in the current breast cancer early detection program

Qualitative

Intentional

Focus groups Thematic analysis

No

[18] United States; New Hampshire and Vermont

To explore women’s views and personal acceptability of a potential risk-based mammography screening paradigm.

29 women residents of New Hampshire and Vermont

Qualitative For convenience

Focus groups

Questionnaire

Content analysis and grounded theory

No

[37] United States; The Chicago Breast cancer in low-income primary care clinics

To explore the views on individual risk assessment of women of color and low-income women identified as being at increased risk of breast cancer.

13 Women high risk without previous history of breast cancer

Qualitative Intentional

Semi-structured interviews Content analysis

No

[27] Spain; Primary Care Units in Barcelona and Lleida

To explore the barriers and facilitators of implementing a risk-based breast cancer screening program from the point of view of Healthcare professionals.

29 Healthcare professionals work area in relation to breast cancer

Socio-constructivist qualitative Theoretical Focus groups Thematic analysis

DECIDO

[30] UK;  National Health Service Breast Screening Program

To elicit views regarding implementing less frequent screening for low-risk women from Healthcare professionals who implement risk-stratified screening.

28 Healthcare professionals work area in relation to breast cancer

Qualitative Intentional Focus groups

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

BC-Predict

[31] Canada;  Breast cancer genetic counselling and screening services, Québec province

To explore Healthcare professionals’ perceptions of the application of a population-based approach to BC risk stratification.

15 Healthcare professionals directly involved in breast cancer genetic counselling or screening

Qualitative explorative Intentional and snowball sampling

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

PERSPECTIVE

[26] UK; National Health Service Breast Screening Program

To obtain the views of national health policy makers on the implementation of less frequent screening intervals for low-risk women.

17 Healthcare professionals directly or indirectly associated with the National Screening Committee and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence

Qualitative Intentional

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

BC-Predict

[33] Canada; Breast Screening Program, Quebec province

To examine equity in the delivery of services for the risk-based approach through stakeholder perceptions.

13 Professionals involved in the management, implementation or evaluation of the screening program

Qualitative Intentional and snowball sampling

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

PERSPECTIVE

[34] Canada; Centre Local de Services Communautaire, Montreal province

To explore the feasibility of any proposed implementation strategies for targeted breast cancer screening and to optimize communication tools for the risk stratification model

11 Healthcare professionals work area in relation to breast cancer

Qualitative descriptive Intentional Deliberative stakeholder consultations Thematic analysis

PERSPECTIVE

[36] Canada; Breast Screening Program, Quebec province

To explore the acceptability of different proposals for each step of women’s trajectory in the health care system in the event that a personalized approach.

20 Healthcare professionals work area in relation to breast cancer programs and in the policy

Qualitative descriptive Intentional and snowball sampling Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

PERSPECTIVE

[32] Germany; Gynaecology department of Munich Technical University; Munich

To assist doctors and screening participants in participatory decision-making.

15 physicians and professionals representatives of the public health service

Qualitative explorative Intentional Focus groups Content analysis

RISIKOLOTSE.DE

[35] Canada; Breast Screening Program, Quebec province

Analysis of decision-makers’ perspectives on genetic testing and insurance, as well as general insurability issues in the context of a risk stratification approach to breast cancer screening and prevention.

14 professionals’ decision-makers involved in the management of breast cancer screening programs and policies

Mixed design Intentional

Semi-structured interviews Thematic analysis

PERSPECTIVE