Table 1 Description of study participants’ characteristics stratified by increased self-reported level of depression during the third wave of COVID-19 (April 2021) versus before COVID-19 (March 2020) among adult Canadians
Variable | Category | Any self-reported increase in depression during versus before COVID-19 | Above top 75th percentile of self-reported increase in depression during versus before COVID-19 | Â | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No N (%) | Yes N (%) | No N (%) | Yes N (%) | Total N (%) | ||
| Â | Â | 1701 (47.47) | 1882 (52.53) | 2773 (77.39) | 810 (22.61) | 3583 (100) |
Socio-demographical variables | ||||||
Age (n = 3583) | 18 to < 30 | 199 (5.55) | 369 (10.30) | 408 (11.39) | 160 (4.47) | 568 (15.85) |
30 to < 40 | 242 (6.75) | 371 (10.35) | 440 (12.28) | 173 (4.83) | 613 (17.11) | |
40 to < 50 | 287 (8.01) | 338 (9.43) | 468 (13.06) | 157 (4.38) | 625 (17.44) | |
50 to < 60 | 373 (10.41) | 346 (9.66) | 580 (16.19) | 149 (3.88) | 719 (20.07) | |
60 to < 101 | 600 (16.75) | 458 (12.78) | 877 (24.48) | 181 (5.05) | 1058 (29.53) | |
Gender (n = 3570) | Female | 773 (21.65) | 1029 (28.82) | 1346 (37.70) | 456 (12.77) | 1802 (50.48) |
Male | 924 (25.88) | 844 (23.64) | 1418 (39.72) | 350 (9.80) | 1768 (49.52) | |
Socio-economic variables | ||||||
Household Income (n = 3307) | Less than 30,000 | 221 (6.68) | 280 (8.47) | 382 (11.55) | 119 (3.60) | 501 (15.15) |
30,000 to < 50,000 | 234 (7.08) | 268 (8.10) | 379 (11.46) | 123 (3.72) | 502 (15.18) | |
50,000 to < 80,000 | 335 (10.13) | 371 (11.22) | 541 (16.36)) | 165 (4.99) | 706 (21.35) | |
80,000 to < 100,000 | 272 (8.22) | 281 (8.50) | 455 (13.76) | 98 (2.96) | 553 (16.72) | |
100,000 to < 150,000 | 314 (9.50) | 331 (10.01) | 496 (15.00) | 149 (4.51) | 645 (19.50) | |
150,000 or more | 197 (5.96) | 203 (6.14) | 315 (9.53) | 85 (2.57) | 400 (12.10) | |
Education (n = 3573) | Elementary/High school | 347 (9.71) | 358 (10.02) | 542 (15.17) | 163 (4.56) | 705 (19.73) |
College | 287 (8.03) | 355 (9.94) | 477 (13.35) | 156 (4.62) | 642 (17.97) | |
Technical/Trade-school | 292 (8.03) | 273 (7.64) | 455 (12.73) | 110 (3.08) | 565 (15.81) | |
University undergraduate | 483 (13.52) | 586 (16.40) | 828 (23.17) | 241 (6.75) | 1069 (29.92) | |
University graduate/professional degree | 286 (8.00) | 306 (8.56) | 463 (12.96) | 129 (3.61) | 592 (16.57) | |
Geographic variables | ||||||
Province (n = 3583) | Rest of the Atlantic | 96 (2.68) | 77 (2.15) | 143 (3.99) | 30 (0.84) | 173 (4.83) |
New Brunswick | 249 (6.95) | 198 (5.53) | 359 (10.02) | 88 (2.64) | 447 (12.48) | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | 232 (6.48) | 217 (6.06) | 370 (10.33) | 79 (2.20) | 449 (12.53) | |
Quebec | 293 (8.18) | 260 (7.26) | 441 (12.31) | 112 (3.13) | 553 (15.43) | |
Ontario | 326 (9.10) | 476 (13.28) | 575 (16.05) | 227 (6.34) | 802 (22.38) | |
Manitoba/Saskatchewan | 128 (3.57) | 144 (4.02) | 206 (5.75) | 66 (1.84) | 272 (7.59) | |
Alberta | 200 (5.58) | 245 (6.84) | 340 (9.49) | 105 (2.93) | 445 (12.42) | |
British Columbia | 177 (4.94) | 265 (7.40) | 339 (9.46) | 103 (2.87) | 442 (12.34) | |
Past mental health conditions | ||||||
Clinical diagnosis of depression (n = 3583) | No | 1496 (41.75) | 1476 (41.19) | 2332 (65.09) | 640 (17.86) | 2972 (82.95) |
Yes | 205 (5.72) | 406 (11.33) | 441 (12.31) | 170 (4.74) | 611 (17.05) | |
Clinical diagnosis of anxiety (n = 3565) | No | 1494 (41.91) | 1491 (41.82) | 2344 (65.75) | 641 (17.98) | 2985 (83.73) |
Yes | 199 (5.58) | 381 (10.69) | 418 (11.73) | 162 (4.54) | 580 (16.27) | |
Self-perceived COVID-19 related factors that negatively impacted mental health | ||||||
Psycho-social | ||||||
Social isolation (n = 3545) | Negative | 940 (26.52) | 1440 (40.62)) | 1727 (48.72) | 653 (18.42) | 2380 (67.14) |
Others | 731 (20.62) | 434 (12.24) | 883 (30.07) | 153 (4.32) | 1165 (32.86) | |
Health related | ||||||
Possibility of catching COVID (n = 3503) | Negative | 717 (20.47) | 1054 (30.09) | 1307 (37.31) | 464 (13.25) | 1771 (50.56) |
Others | 936 (26.72) | 796 (22.72) | 1401 (39.99) | 331 (9.45) | 1732 (49.44) | |
Possibility of family member catching COVID (n = 3525) | Negative | 891 (25.28) | 1218 (34.55) | 1594 (45.22) | 515 (14.61) | 2109 (59.83) |
Others | 774 (21.96) | 642 (18.21) | 1132 (32.11) | 284 (8.06) | 1416 (40.17) | |
Financially related | ||||||
Economic downturn (n = 3512) | Negative | 873 (24.86) | 1163 (33.12) | 1528 (43.51) | 508 (14.46) | 2036 (57.97) |
Others | 778 (22.15) | 698 (19.87) | 1183 (33.68) | 293 (8.34) | 1476 (42.03) | |
Ability to pay bills (n = 3294) | Negative | 471 (14.30) | 800 (24.29) | 879 (26.68) | 392 (11.90) | 1271 (38.59) |
Others | 1082 (32.85) | 941 (28.57) | 1654 (50.21) | 369 (11.20) | 2023 (61.41) | |