Table 1 Characteristics of Flemish university students before (baseline, 2021) and after (endline, 2023) a social norms approach intervention on alcohol use
Characteristic | Baseline | Endline | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Intervention Group | Controlgroup | Intervention Group | Controlgroup | |
n = 2441 | n = 7349 | n = 1530 | n = 2359 | |
Sex, n(%) | ||||
 Male | 949 (38.9) | 2789 (38.0) | 611 (40) | 929 (39.4) |
Age (years) | ||||
 Median [IQR] | 21.0 [3.0] | 21.0 [3.0] | 20.0 [3.0] | 21.0 [3.0] |
Faculty, n(%) | ||||
 Medicine and Health Sciences | 377 (15.5) | 1293 (17.6) | 247 (16.2) | 410 (17.4) |
 Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences | 361 (14.8) | 494 (6.7) | 239 (15.6) | 154 (6.5) |
 Engineering Sciences | 380 (15.6) | 1450 (19.8) | 228 (14.9) | 413 (17.5) |
 Exact Sciences | 270 (11.1) | 518 (7.1) | 210 (13.7) | 206 (8.7) |
 Economics | 304 (12.5) | 893 (12.2) | 142 (9.3) | 230 (9.8) |
 Political, Social and Educational Sciences and Psychology | 226 (9.3) | 1350 (18.4) | 113 (7.4) | 451 (19.1) |
 Linguistics and Philosophy | 297 (12.2) | 794 (10.8) | 218 (14.3) | 335 (14.2) |
 Law and Criminology | 224 (9.2) | 538 (7.3) | 131 (8.6) | 159 (6.7) |
Type of education, n(%) | ||||
 Bachelor program | 1548 (63.4) | 4106 (55.9) | 1064 (69.6) | 1403 (59.5) |
 Master program | 752 (30.8) | 2782 (37.9) | 376 (24.6) | 809 (34.3) |
 Bridging program | 126 (5.2) | 404 (5.5) | 82 (5.4) | 116 (4.9) |
 Other | 15 (0.6) | 57 (0.8) | 7 (0.5) | 29 (1.2) |
Living situation weekdays, n(%) | ||||
 Parental home | 1567 (64.2) | 2962 (40.3) | 922 (61.2) | 845 (36.6) |
 Independently | 872 (35.8) | 4385 (59.7) | 585 (38.8) | 1466 (63.4) |
Working status | ||||
 Working | 721 (29.7) | 1709 (23.5) | 607 (39.7) | 772 (32.8) |
Religion, n(%) | ||||
 Christian | 779 (32.0) | 2740 (37.3) | 367 (24.3) | 704 (30.4) |
 Islamic | 94 (3.9) | 143 (1.9) | 59 (3.9) | 33 (1.4) |
 No religion | 1449 (59.4) | 4184 (57.0) | 1017 (67.3) | 1485 (64.2) |
 Other | 116 (4.8) | 275 (3.7) | 69 (4.6) | 91 (3.9) |
Importance of relgion | ||||
 Neutral to important | 514 (21.1) | 1378 (18.8) | 216 (44.3) | 291 (36.0) |
Active fraternity member, n (%) | ||||
 Yes | 274 (14.7) | 812 (12.5) | 305 (20.5) | 360 (15.9) |
Last-year-Tobacco use, n(%) | ||||
 Yes | 580 (24.0) | 1767 (24.2) | 356 (31.5) | 464 (29.6) |
Last-year-NMUPS, n(%) | ||||
 Yes | 90 (4.6) | 264 (4.0) | 76 (6.0) | 85 (4.7) |
Last-year Nonmedical Tranquilizer use, n(%) | ||||
 Yes | 63 (3.2) | 170 (2.6) | 86 (7.6) | 106 (6.8) |
Last-year-Cannabis use, n(%) | ||||
 Yes | 448 (23.2) | 1768 (26.7) | 285 (25.2) | 411 (26.3) |
Ever-use illegal drugs, other than cannabis, n(%) | ||||
 Yes | 269 (14.0) | 808 (12.2) | 172 (15.2) | 233 (14.9) |
Life satisfaction (Cantril scale) | ||||
 Median [IQR] | 6.0 [2.0] | 6.0 [2.0] | 7.0 [2.0] | 7.0 [2.0] |
Psychological distress (Kessler-6 scale) | ||||
 Median [IQR] | 11.0 [8.0] | 11.0 [8.0] | 9.0 [7.0] | 9.0 [7.0] |
Exposure to other alcohol campaigns | ||||
 Yes | NA | NA | 41 (3.3) | 87 (4.8) |
Participation in Tournée Minérale (no alcohol for 1 month) | ||||
 Yes | NA | NA | 186 (14.8) | 304 (16.6) |