- Keynote lecture presentation
- Open access
- Published:
The gut microbiome - a new target for understanding, diagnosing and treating disease
Archives of Public Health volume 72, Article number: K3 (2014)
The functioning of the human body constitutes a complex interplay of human processes and ‘services’ rendered to us by the 1000 trillion microbial cells we carry. Disruption of this natural microbial flora is linked to infection, autoimmune diseases and cancer, but detailed knowledge about our microbial component remains scarce [1].
Recent technological advances such as metagenomics and next-generation sequencing permit the study of the various microbiota of the human body at a previously unseen scale. These advances have allowed the initiation of the International Human Microbiome Project, aiming at genomically characterizing the totality of human-associated microorganisms (the “microbiome”) [2].
Here, I will present our work on characterizing the human intestinal flora based upon the analysis of high-throughput meta-omics (metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics) data. I will show how the healthy gut flora can be classified “enterotypes” that are independent from host nationality, age, BMI and gender, but linked to nutrition [3]. I will also show how metagenome-wide association studies (MGWAS) can lead to the detection of diagnostic markers for host properties and disease (e.g. in IBD, diabetes and obesity), and aid in further understanding on how the gut flora disturbances contribute to these pathologies. Finally, I will illustrate how gut microbiota-based treatment strategies are emerging, for example through Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT).
References
Hildebrand F, Nguyen TLA, Brinkman B, Yunta RG, Cauwe B, Vandenabeele P, Liston A, Raes J: Inflammation-associated enterotypes, host genotype, cage and inter-individual effects drive gut microbiota variation in common laboratory mice. Genome Biology. 2013, 14:
Qin JJ, Li YR, Cai ZM, Li SH, Zhu JF, Zhang F, Liang SS, Zhang WW, Guan YL, Shen DQ, et al: A metagenome-wide association study of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2012, 490: 55-60. 10.1038/nature11450.
Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR, Fernandes GR, Tap J, Bruls T, Batto JM, et al: Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature. 2011, 473: 174-180. 10.1038/nature09944.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
About this article
Cite this article
Raes, J. The gut microbiome - a new target for understanding, diagnosing and treating disease. Arch Public Health 72 (Suppl 1), K3 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-3258-72-S1-K3
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2049-3258-72-S1-K3