Table 3 Details of the Foresight domains [59] and variables and the items that will be used to measure them
Foresight domain | Foresight variable | Foresight description | Data collection tool | Item |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Physical activity environment | Accessibility to opportunities for physical exercise | Physical accessibility (distance, safety) of opportunities for physical exercise | PHS | Perceived environmental amenity |
Ambient temperature | Average environmental temperature indoors | Not available from surveys. | Ambient temperature | |
Bureau Of Meteorology (BOM) | ||||
Cost of physical exercise | Financial cost of physical recreation | Not available from surveys | ||
Data available from individual LGAs | ||||
Dominance of motorised transport | Degree to which motorised transport dominates other ways of transport | PHS | Perceived environmental amenity | |
Data available from individual LGAs | ||||
Combined with | ||||
Availability of public transport | ||||
Dominance of sedentary employment | Degree to which average citizens influence one another’s choices | Data available from individual LGAs | Employment statistics | |
Opportunity for team-based activity | N/A | Not available from surveys | Register of the number of sporting clubs in each LGA | |
Data available from individual LGAs | ||||
Opportunity for unmotorised transport | Availability of facilities/infrastructure for unmotorised transport | PHS | Perceived environmental amenity | |
Perceived danger in environment | N/A | Available from the Community Indicators Victoria website by LGA | Perceptions of safety | |
Reliance of labor-saving devices | Reliance on labor-saving devices for daily chores | Not available from surveys | ||
Safety of unmotorised transport | Level of risk for harm by engaging in non-motorised transport | PHS | Perceived environmental amenity | |
Social depreciation of labor | Degree to which manual labor is negatively valued in a given socio-cultural group | Not available from surveys | Employment demographics | |
Can be inferred from the local demographics available on the Local Government websites | ||||
Sociocultural valuation of physical activity | Degree to which physical activity is positively valued in a given socio-cultural group | PHS | Social environment (social norms) for HEPA | |
Walkability of living environment | PHS | Perceived environmental amenity | ||
Available from the Community Indicators Victoria website by LGA | ||||
School walkability | ||||
Individual physical activity | Degree of innate activity in childhood | Degree to which physical activity is part of typical childhood behavior | PHS and WHOCC surveys | Level of physical activity |
Degree of physical education | Degree to which people have learned to use their body (for labor, leisure and transport) | VPHS | Frequency and amount of vigorous physical activity in past week | |
PHS | ||||
Physical Activity and sedentary | ||||
Functional fitness | Level of physical fitness to perform daily tasks | VPHS | Self-reported health status | |
WHOCC | ||||
Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) [40] | ||||
Learned activity patterns in early childhood | Degree of activity experienced by the foetus, newborn and child in early life through parental physical activity | Not available from surveys | ||
Level of domestic activity | Level of physical activity exhibited in the domestic arena | VPHS | Physical activity at work | |
Level of occupational activity | Level of physical activity associated to professional duties | VPHS | Physical activity at work | |
Level of recreational activity | Degree to which people engage in physical activity for recreation | VPHS | Frequency and amount of vigorous physical activity in past week | |
PHS | ||||
Physical Activity and sedentary | ||||
Level of transport activity | Level of physical activity associated to transport | Not available from surveys | ||
Available from the Community Indicators Victoria website by LGA for Melbourne metropolitan area only | ||||
Non-volitional activity (NEAT) | extent to which people engage in non-volitional activity (twitching etc.) | Not available from surveys | ||
Parental modelling of activity | Degree to which parents act as a role model in physical activity related behavioral patterns | PHS | Parent physical activity | |
Child physical activity | ||||
Physical activity | Level of physical activity people engage in | VPHS | Frequency and amount of vigorous physical activity in past week | |
PHS | ||||
Physical Activity and sedentary | ||||
Social psychology | Acculturation | Degree to which a (dominant) culture is assimilated | VPHS | Country of birth |
Main language spoken at home | ||||
Country of birth of mother | ||||
Country of birth of father | ||||
Availability of passive entertainment options | Availability of recreational options that involve only limited physical exercise (tv, computer games) | PHS | Sedentary behavior items | |
Children’s control of diet | Degree to which children exert influence on dietary choices in a family | Not available from surveys | ||
Conceptualisation of obesity as a disease | Degree to which people consider obesity to be an abnormal deviation from the healthy norm | Not available from surveys | ||
Education | N/A | VPHS & PHS | Demographics | |
Exposure to food advertising | N/A | Not available from surveys | Level of exposure to food advertising | |
Available from the literature | ||||
Importance of ideal body-size image | Degree to which there is a dominant image of an ideal body size in a society | Not available from surveys | ||
Media availability | Availability of media across formats | Not available from surveys | Data on availability of all types of media | |
The Victorian Government digital innovation review Part B: The digital readiness of Victorian citizens | ||||
Media consumption | Degree to which people make use of the media offerings | Not available from surveys | Data on use of all types of media | |
The Victorian Government digital innovation review Part B: The digital readiness of Victorian citizens | ||||
Parental control | Level of control exerted by parents on children’s choices | Not available from surveys | ||
Peer pressure | Degree to which average citizens influence one another’s choices | PHS | Social environment (social norms) for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Perceived lack of time | By all citizens, particularly those engaged in economic activity | PHS | Instrumental beliefs (facilitators & barriers, decisional balance) for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Smoking cessation | Number of people quitting smoking | VPHS | Number of people smoking from one survey to the next | |
Social acceptability of fatness | N/A | VPHS & PHS | Height and weight; BMI heterogeneity between LGAs | |
Sociocultural valuation of food | Degree to which food is positively valued within a given socio-cultural group | PHS | Instrumental | |
TV watching | Time spent watching tv | PHS | Sedentary behavior | |
Individual psychology | Demand for indulgence/compensation | Strength of demand for psychological release after stress or effort | Not available from surveys | |
Desire to resolve tension | Desire to resolve psychological conflict between what people desire and what they need to stay healthy | PHS | Affective attitudes (facilitators & barriers, decisional balance) for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Combined with | ||||
Behavioral intentions (desire to change behavior) for HEPA | ||||
And Daily vegetable consumption | ||||
Daily fruit consumption | ||||
Physical Activity Sedentary behavior | ||||
beliefs (facilitators & barriers, decisional balance) for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | ||||
Food literacy | Degree to which people are able to assess nutritional quality and provenance | PHS | Health Literacy for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Individualism | Weakness of social fabric | PHS | Social environment (social norms) for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
vailable from the Community Indicators Victoria website by LGA | ||||
Level of social support | ||||
Perceived inconsistency of science-based messages | Degree to which there is incompatibility between scientific assessments on food related issues which (are perceived) to be similar | PHS | Health Literacy for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Psychological ambivalence | Degree to which people experience a psychological conflict between what people desire (e.g., fatty, sweet foods) and the need to stay healthy | PHS | Affective attitudes (facilitators & barriers, decisional balance) for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Self esteem | Sense of purpose and self-confidence of individuals | PHS | Self-efficacy for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Stress | Perceived level of stress by individuals | VPHS | Psychological distress (Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale) | |
Use of medicines | N/A | VPHS | Diabetes status | |
Type of diabetes | ||||
Age first diagnosed with diabetes | ||||
Type of healthcare received in past year | ||||
Food consumption | Alcohol consumption | N/A | VPHS | Whether had an alcoholic drink of any kind in previous |
12 months | ||||
Frequency of having an alcoholic drink of any kind | ||||
Amount of standard drinks consumed when drinking | ||||
Level of frequency of high-risk drinking | ||||
Convenience of food offerings | The degree to which food offerings cater to the desire for convenience | PHS | Food accessibility | |
Demand for convenience | Consumer demand for convenient (time/effort saving) food offerings | PHS | Instrumental beliefs (facilitators & barriers, decisional balance) for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
De-skilling | The degree to which individuals are not able anymore to engage independently in routine tasks for daily living (such as cooking) | VPHS | Self-reported health status | |
Combined with | ||||
Number and type of chronic diseases | ||||
Energy-density of food offerings | Number of calories per unit food weight | VPHS | Calculated from: Daily vegetable consumption | |
PHS | ||||
Daily fruit consumption | ||||
Milk consumption | ||||
Water consumption | ||||
Consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks | ||||
Daily vegetable consumption | ||||
Daily fruit consumption | ||||
Fibre content of Food & Drink | N/A | VPHS | Daily vegetable consumption | |
PHS | ||||
Daily fruit consumption | ||||
Milk consumption | ||||
Water consumption | ||||
Consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks | ||||
Daily vegetable consumption | ||||
Daily fruit consumption | ||||
Food abundance | The aggregate amount of food (volume) that is at any moment in time available in UK (AU) society | Not available from surveys | The amount of food available per person in Australia | |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012. Australia’s food & nutrition 2012. Cat. no. PHE 163. Canberra: AIHW. | ||||
Food exposure | The number of food cues individuals are confronted with on a daily basis | Not available from surveys | ||
Available from the literature | ||||
Food variety | The number of different food products (natural and processed) available at any moment in time | Not available from surveys | Categories of the amount of food available per person in Australia | |
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2012. Australia’s food & nutrition 2012. Cat. no. PHE 163. Canberra: AIHW. | ||||
Force of dietary habits | The degree to which behavioral patterns related to food intake are dictated by routine and habit | PHS | Habit strength for Healthy Eating and Physical Activity | |
Nutritional quality of Food & Drink | N/A | VPHS | Daily vegetable consumption | |
PHS | ||||
Daily fruit consumption | ||||
Milk consumption | ||||
Water consumption | ||||
Consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks | ||||
Daily vegetable consumption | ||||
Daily fruit consumption | ||||
Palatability of food offerings | N/A | Not available from surveys | ||
Portion size | Not available from surveys | |||
Rate of eating | Time-span devoted to consuming a meal | Not available from surveys | ||
Tendency to graze | Tendency to eat outside fixed meal times | Not available from surveys |